MSIS4523 Data Communications Systems

Ch.1 Data Communications & Networks

JinKyu Lee, Ph.D. Jinkyu.lee@okstate.edu

Topics
Telecommunication & Data Communication Components of Data Communication

Direction of Data Flow

Link vs. Network Network Topology Categories of Networks Protocols and Standards

What Is Communication?
Symbolic Dependent upon the medium (language) Arbitrary mapping should be interpreted Representational The map is not the territory. Communication is only as good as the representation

Examples Verbal language, gestures, actions, icons

Human Communication vs. Data Communication

Human communication is richer, less predictable Words vary in meaning with context Many factors influence meaning and perception of message Data communication is more precise Exact replication of information Computers do not interpret, they simply relay

Definitions
Telecommunications - The transmission of

information between or among points specified by the user

Data Communications - The movement of

computer information from one point to another by means of electrical or optical transmission systems

Five components of data communication Systems

Sender

Message

Transmission Medium

Protocol
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Receiver

Directions of Communications: Simplex Data Flows

Directions of Communications Half Duplex Data Flows

Directions of Communications: Full Duplex Data Flows

Access to Link: Point-to-Point Connection

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Access to Link: Multipoint Connection

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Network Topology: Fully Connected Mesh Topology

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Network Topology: Star topology

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Network Topology: Bus topology

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Network Topology: Ring topology

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The Key Network Types

LAN - Local Area Network Single building or cluster of buildings Ethernet, token ring, star MAN Metropolitan Area Network Multiple disjoint locations in one city

WAN - Wide Area Network City-to-city, country-to-country Telephone, ATM, SONET, etc. Wireless Network Radio, microwave, satellite, cellular, infrared
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Local Area Networks (LAN)

A group of microcomputers or other workstation

devices located in the same general area and connected by a common circuit Covers a clearly defined small area, such as within or between a few buildings Support data rates of 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps

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Campus LAN

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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Large geographical area Rely in part on common carrier circuits

Alternative technologies
Circuit switching Packet switching

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What is this? A horoscope? The Internet !!

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Internet today

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US Backbone Networks & Peering Points

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The North American backbone

(Mar. 2006, cio.com)

134,855 Routers on the North American backbone.

Red : Verizon Blue: AT&T Yellow: Qwest Green: Major backbone players (e.g., Level 3 and
Sprint Nextel)

Black: Cable industry Gray: everyone else

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What is a Communication Protocol?

Shared rules for communicating information

between entities on two or more systems Three Elements

Syntax : data format and signal levels Semantics : interpretation and handling of data

Timing : speed matching and sequencing

Who need to know? Many Possible Entities

User applications, e-mail facilities, terminals

Many Types of Systems Computer, Terminal, Remote sensor

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Telecommunication Standards Org. * Standards = Protocols??

International Telecommunications Union -

Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITUTSS)

Formerly called the Consultative Committee on

International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT)

International Organization for Standards (ISO) Member of the ITU, makes technical recommendations about data communications interfaces Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

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Telecommunication Standards Org's Cont

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE) Electronic Industries Association (EIA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Exchange Carriers Association (NECA) Corporation for Open Systems (COS) ATM forum, OIF, W3C, many others

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Internet Standards
Email related standards IMAP, POP, X.400, SMTP, MIME, binhex, uuencode

Web related standards http, CGI, html/xml/vrml/sgml

Internet directory standards X.500, LDAP Application standards http, FTP, telnet, gopher, wais

Videoconferencing standards H.320, H.323, Mpeg-1, Mpeg-2

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Telecommunications Standards
Modems V.32, V.90, V.92

Voice Circuit Switched A-Law, -Law

Voice Packetized H.323 Call Control Signaling SS7, Q.932, GR-303, GR-317, GR-394

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Maturity levels of an RFC

RFC Requirement Levels

http://www.rfc-editor.org