HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PROJECT

Abdul Basit Roll No. 05 Essa Ahsan khan Roll No. 01 Muhammad Sulaiman Saeed Roll No. 7

CONTENTS
Title Page Writing skills Project writing Collection of data Accuracy in writing Formate

Title Page
Project title ( title should be
SHORT, CONCISE, State the leading project activity, Give an effective snapshot of project Most important words first)

Name of author and potential partner / lead organization Place and date of project

Writing skills
learn proper project writing skills to make a proper presentation Start Research project writing on time and start making notes the very day you start to not miss any essential detail of your project throughout its duration.

 At the beginning, Collect every piece of information without concerning writing style and then start arranging them into chapters. Find out the format for your department and follow it. i.e APA style Word-processing:
paragraph styles automatic numbering tables of contents, etc. spell checkers, etc.

Most important things in effective project writing

Writing should be precise words used in writing should be simple and easily understandable Use short sentences and short paragraphs Proof-read your work and check for spelling errors and grammatical mistakes and place them e appropriate chapters The diagrams should properly be labeled and place them at the appropriate chapters

Format
Abstract Introduction and Review of literature Methods and material Results Discussion Conclusion Aim and objectives Bibliography

Abstract
Abstract is a summary (prcis) of the entire report (introduction, review, results, , conclusions)

Must be able to stand entirely on its own

Abstract should be limited to 150-300 words and on first page

Introduction and Review of literature

Context of project broad statement and relevant problem

The examiners judges the project from the abstract and introduction pages.
Literature review gives the reader a background of the subject and a possible future and improvements on it

 Methodology is where you raise research questions, hypothesis and a general discussion of research design and procedure.
Conclusion A good quality data collection can guarantee a good conclusion to your university project contribute to objectives Loose ends are OK (suggestions for future work)

Discussion :
This chapter provide answers to the questions and hypothesis This chapter prove the worth of the project

Make mention of and compare your work with one or two results obtained in similar works on record.
Aims and objective include application of results of the project

References
Citations in text, either
numeric 1, or labelled [Briggs99]

List of references contains full bibliographic details of what you have referred to

When to cite a reference

All direct quotes must be cited (e.g. placed inside quotation marks) Preferable to paraphrase (translate author's words into your own) but must still give credit If something is common knowledge (referred to in many sources), no need to cite Everything else is assumed to be your idea

Bibliography
Christian W. Dawson. The essence of computing projects: a student's guide. Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 0-13-021972-X. Publisher's price 16.99. Gavin Fairbairn and Christopher Winch, Reading, writing and reasoning - a guide for students, Open University Press, 2nd edition 1996. Phyllis Creme and Mary Lea, Writing at university - a guide for students, Open University Press, 1997. H.W. Fowler and Robert Burchfield, The New Fowlers Modern English Usage, Oxford University Press, 1996

Plagiarism
Submitting the work of another student as if it is your own Including the work of an author in your project and not mention their citation. Plagiarism is a serious matter

Write with style

Use diagrams, pictures, graphs (but dont over use) Cheque speling and gramer; read your work Be concise and clear Use numbers/bullet pts Think up clear chapter and section headings

Emphasise but DONT over-emphasise Link sections together

Good things:
work of publishable standard clearly defined aims and objectives

interesting conclusions

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Bad things:
imprecise aims and objectives little or no analysis, solely descriptive

trite conclusions
misinterpretations of literature spelling mistakes, poor grammar, lousy structure, crazy layout

Last words
Present your work in the best possible light compatible with reality There are no right answers, only wrong ones Be honest and fair in your judgements Dont take credit for what you didnt do Make sure you take the credit for what you did Be proud of your accomplishment