BY SIDRA ZAFAR ROLL # 039

HISTORY
The inception of modem management theory, the terminology used to describe the role and function of workers has evolved from "personnel" to "industrial relations" to "employee relations" to "human resources." While all of these terms remain in use, "human resources" most accurately represents the view of workers by contemporary management theory: as valuable resources managed in the same manner as other valuable resources, according to the authors of Human Resource Management. The need for an organized form of HRM emerged during the industrial revolution, as the manufacturing process evolved from a cottage system to factory production. As the United States shifted from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, companies were forced to develop and implement effective ways of recruiting and keeping skilled workers. In addition, industrialization helped spur immigration, as the country opened its borders to fill industrial positions. Filling these jobs with immigrants, however, created an even greater need for adequate management of employees. Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of Management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization.

ELTON MAYO FATHER OF HRM

Human Resource Management can Mayo responded to a

changing business environment after the war in which there was a need to increase industrial productivity by reducing industrial disputes, worker absenteeism, and turnover; and standardizing working conditions and pay structures. Mayo's efforts were focused on resolving problems related to the restriction of output This essay will describe Mayo's contributions to organizational theory, specifically to HRM, arguing that he was convinced that the industrialization of society had not improved the social status of the worker and that until this occurred, conflict would be endemic in the workplace. also be performed by line managers.

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Human Resource Management ("HRM") is a way of

management that links people-related activities to the strategy of a business or organization. HRM is often referred to as "strategic HRM". It has several goals: - To meet the needs of the business and management (rather than just serve the interests of employees); - To link human resource strategies / policies to the business goals and objectives; - To find ways for human resources to "add value" to a business; - To help a business gain the commitment of employees to its values, goals and objectives

HRM IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES

To fulfill their basic role and achieve their goals, HRM

professionals and departments engage in a variety of activities in order to execute their human resource plans. HRM implementation activities fall into four functional groups, each of which includes related legal responsibilities: Acquisition Development Compensation Maintenance.

HRM IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES

ACQUISITION.

Acquisition duties consist of human resource planning for employees, which includes activities related to analyzing employment needs, determining the necessary skills for positions, identifying job and industry trends, and forecasting future employment levels and skill requirements. DEVELOPMENT. The second major HRM function, human resource development, refers to performance appraisal and training activities. The basic goal of appraisal is to provide feedback to employees concerning their performance.

HRM IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES

COMPENSATION.

Compensation, the third major HRM function, refers to HRM duties related to paying employees and providing incentives for them. HRM professionals are typically charged with developing wage and salary systems that accomplish specific organizational objectives, such as employee retention, quality, satisfaction, and motivation. MAINTENANCE. The fourth principal HRM function, maintenance of human resources, encompasses HRM activities related to employee benefits, safety and health, and worker-management relations.