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Human Behavior in the Human Behavior in the

Organization Organization
!art I
W ChapLer 1
Cvervlew of Lhe Sclence and Lhe sLudy of Puman
8ehavlor
W ChapLer 2
ersonallLy and CulLure
W ChapLer 3
lrusLraLlon SLress and 8urnouL MenLal healLh
and MenLal Pyglene
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
W -aLure of Sclence
5cience ls popularly deflned as an accumulaLlon of
sysLemaLlc knowledge based on facLs
fct ls regarded as an emplrlcally verlflable
observaLlon
@eory refers elLher Lo Lhe relaLlonshlps beLween
facLs or Lo Lhe orderlng of Lerms ln some meanlngful
way
W WlLhouL Lheory sclence cannoL predlcL and conLrol
Lhe maLerlal world 1he developmenL of sclence ls a
consLanL lnLerplay beLween Lheory and facLs
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
Deve|opment of the Sc|ent|f|c Study of numan
8ehav|or
Lhe sclenLlflc sLudy of human behavlor was only a 19
Lh
cenLury developmenL
hllosophy (based on speculaLlon and loglc) was Lhe
only approach Lo Lhe sLudy of human behavlor
L ls also relaLed Lo sychophyslcs Lhe sLudy of Lhe
funcLlonal relaLlons of dependency beLween mlnd and
body buL whlch acLually deLermlned Lhe physlcal
characLerlsLlcs of sLlmull and Lhe sensaLlons Lhey
produce
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
DndersLandlng Puman 8ehavlor
1he ma[orlLy of Lheorles and models of human
behavlor fall lnLo Lwo baslc caLegorles
nterna| erspect|veconslders Lhe facLors lnslde Lhe
person Lo undersLand behavlor 1hls vlew ls
psychodynamlcally orlenLed 8ehavlor ls explalned ln
Lerms of LhoughLs feellngs pasL experlences and
needs of Lhe lndlvldual
mplles LhaL people are besL undersLood from Lhe
lnslde and LhaL people's behavlor ls besL lnLerpreLed
afLer undersLandlng Lhelr LhoughLs and feellngs
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
DndersLandlng Puman 8ehavlor
1he ma[orlLy of Lheorles and models of human behavlor
fall lnLo Lwo baslc caLegorles
terna| erspect|vefocuses on facLors ouLslde Lhe
person Lo undersLand behavlor LxLernal evenLs
consequences of behavlor envlronmenLal forces whlch
a person ls sub[ecL are emphaslzed by Lhls
perspecLlve person's hlsLory value sysLem feellngs
and LhoughLs are noL very lmporLanL ln lnLerpreLlng
acLlons and behavlor
kurL Lewln consldered boLh perspecLlves human
behavlor ls a funcLlon of boLh person and Lhe
envlronmenL
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
8ehavloral Sclence
W Came from Lwo words behavlor and sclence
W ny acLlvlLy of an lndlvldual or group wheLher such acLlvlLy
can be observed by anoLher person or deLecLed by sclenLlflc
lnsLrumenLs 1hus lL lncludes dlrecLly noL only man's dlrecLly
observable behavlor buL also Lhe less observable feellngs
LhoughLs moLlves aLLlLudes values eLc LhaL lnfluence such
behavlor
W L ls also deflned as Lhe response of an lndlvldual Lo sLlmulus
slLuaLlon L refers Lo boLh Lhe Lypes or responses and Lhe
manner ln whlch lL was made L refers noL only Lo whaL Lhe
person does buL also how he does lL A stlmolos sltootloo
tefets to foctot cooJltloo sltootloo ot o comblootloo of
foctots wblcb ptovlJe tbe occosloo fot o tespoose
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
CrganlzaLlonal behavlor
W s lndlvldual behavlor and group dynamlcs ln
organlzaLlon 1he sLudy of organlzaLlonal behavlor
ls prlmarlly concerned wlLh Lhe psychosoclal
lnLerpersonal and behavloral dynamlcs ln
organlzaLlons
W CrganlzaLlonal varlables such as deslgn of work
performance appralsal communlcaLlon and
organlzaLlon sLrucLure are also relevanL Lo Lhe
sLudy of C8
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
esearch and Puman 8ehavlor
W 1he success ln Lhe sLudy of human behavlor can
be aLLrlbuLed Lo research
W Lrue sclenLlflc lnvesLlgaLor never [umps aL
concluslons never Lakes anyLhlng for granLed
never conslders hls [udgemenL beLLer Lhan hls
lnformaLlon and never subsLlLuLe oplnlon or long
esLabllshed bellefs for facLs 1hlngs wlll remaln a
supposlLlon unLll lL has been proven Lrue by
searchlng LesLs
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
8aslc sLeps ln research
1 SLaLemenL of Lhe roblem
2 1he esearch ueslgn
3 CbLalnlng nformaLlon and gaLherlng Lhe daLa
4 rocesslng Lhe daLa
3 nalysls and nLerpreLaLlon
6 WrlLlng Lhe llnal reporL
1 SLaLemenL of Lhe roblem
2 1he research deslgn
3 nalysls and lnLerpreLaLlon of flndlngs
4 Summary concluslons and recommendaLlons
Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of Cverv|ew of the Sc|ence and the Study of
numan 8ehav|or numan 8ehav|or
erspecLlve ln 8ehavloral Sclence
W 8ehavloral Sclence ln ManagemenL
W 8ehavloral Sclence ln MarkeLlng
W 8ehavloral Sclence ln Lconomlcs
W 8ehavloral Sclence ln ccounLlng
8ehavloral Sclence ln ManagemenL
W 1he areas ln managemenL where Lhe
behavloral sclences have conLrlbuLed are
personallLy Lheory moLlvaLlon lnLerpersonal
dynamlcs group behavlor leadershlp lnLer
group behavlor and organlzaLlonal behavlor
W LaLer concepLs and Lechnlques of Lhe
bahvloral approach Lo managemenL lnclude
senslLlvlLy Lralnlng organlzaLlonal
developmenL and role playlng
8ehavloral Sclence ln MarkeLlng
W 8uslnesses depend much on adverLlslng Lo
effecLlvely help Lhe salesman convlnce Lhe
cusLomer Lo buy a producL
W Salesmanshlp has much Lo do wlLh lnfluenclng
or moLlvaLlng human behavlor SLudles were
made on human behavlor ln Lhe markeL place
and Lhe moLlves and hablLs of Lhe consumer
1he basls of Lhese sLudles sLarLs wlLh Lhe
undersLandlng of moLlvaLlon
8ehavloral Sclence ln Lconomlcs
W eople of Lhe modern world llve ln a money
maklng socleLy
W Lconomlcs and Lhe behavloral sclence are
closely allled because Lhe money value
depends on Lhe moLlves of man Lconomlcs
would llke Lo have beLLer lnformaLlon on Lhe
culLural and occupaLlonal cholce and of Lhe
level of savlngs nswers can be provlded wlLh
regard Lo Lhe culLural and soclal lnfluences
LhaL affecL Lhe lndlvldual economlc behavlor
8ehavloral Sclence ln ccounLlng
W 8ehavloral researches ln managemenL
accounLlng can be dlvlded lnLo Lhree broad
caLegorles
1 LLempLs Lo speclfy a model for all or parL of Lhe
human subsysLem
2 nvesLlgaLlons lnLo Lhe behavloral dlmenslons of Lhe
managemenL conLrol process
3 SLudles from Lhe behavloral polnL of vlew of Lhe
effecL of a flrm's characLerlsLlcs on Lhe form and
funcLlon of Lhe managemenL lnformaLlon sysLem

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