DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : A.Vinay Kumar
Designation : H.O. D
Branch : Applied Electronics and Instrumentation
Institute : Q.Q.GPT , HYD
Subject : Analytical Instrumentation
Code No : AEI-603
Major Topic : Mass spectroscopy & Chromatography
Duration : 100Mts
Sub Topic : Introduction to Mass spectrometer
Teaching Aids : ANIMATIONS,DIAGRAMS

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 OBJECTIVES

After the completion of this topic you are able to know

•Introduction

• History of mass spectrometer

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 RECAP

• Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps

determine structure.

• It destroys little or no sample.

• The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured

as wavelength is varied.

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 Types of Spectroscopy

• Infrared (IR) spectroscopy measures the bond

vibration frequencies in a molecule and is used

to determine the functional group.

• Mass spectrometry (MS) fragments the molecule

and measures the masses.

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• Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

detects signals from hydrogen atoms and can be used to

distinguish isomers.

• Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy uses electron transitions to

determine bonding patterns

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 ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION

A high-energy electron can dislodge an electron from a

bond, creating a radical cat-ion (a positive ion with an

unpaired e-)

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 Electromagnetic Spectrum

• Examples: X rays, microwaves, radio waves, visible light,

IR, and UV.

• Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional.

• c = n λ where c is the speed of light.

• Energy per photon = hγ, where h is Planck’s constant.

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The Spectrum and Molecular Effects

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 INTRODUCTION

• Mass spectrometry is a analytical technique that

measures the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles

• It is most generally used to find the composition of

physical sample by generating a mass spectrum Which
represents the masses of sample components

• This is measured by a mass spectrometer

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 HISTORY
• Earlier mass spectrographs using photographic plates
are used to measure the m/e ratio
• Francis William Aston won the nobel prize in 1922 for his
work in mass spectrometry
• J.J.Thompson improved the Experiment

• Mass spectrometer were devised by A.J.Dempster and

E.W.aston

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 HISTORY

Francis-william-Aston

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Block diagram

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 DESCRIPTION

Mass spectrometer mainly consists of three parts

2. An ion source

3. A Mass analyzer

4. A detector system

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 STAGES

• Production of ions from the sample

• separation of ions with different masses

• Detection of the number of ions of each mass produced

• Collection of data to generate the mass spectrum

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 Mass Spectrometry

• Molecular weight can be obtained from a very small

sample.
• It does not involve the absorption or emission of light.
• A beam of high-energy electrons breaks the molecule
apart.
• The masses of the fragments and their relative
abundance reveal information about the structure of
the molecule

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 SEPARATION OF IONS

• Only the cations are deflected by the magnetic field.

• Amount of deflection depends on m / e.

• The detector signal is proportional to the number of ions

hitting it.

• By varying the magnetic field, ions of all masses are

collected and counted.

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ION SOURCE

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 Summary

In this class we have learnt about Mass

spectrometer
• Introduction
• History of mass spectrometer

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 Quiz

1. The principle of operation of mass

spectrometer depends on
a. m/e ratio
b. e/m ratio
c. me
d. None of the above

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 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Explain about mass spectroscopy

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