DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A.Vinay Kumar
Designation : H.O. D
Branch : Applied Electronics and Instrumentation
Institute : Q.Q.GPT , HYD
Subject : Analytical Instrumentation
Code No : AEI-603
Major Topic : Mass spectroscopy & Chromatography
Duration : 100 Mts
Sub Topic : Operation of Mass spectrometer
Teaching Aids : Animations, diagrams
AEI 603.28 TO 29 1
 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this topic you are able to know

about Mass spectrometer

• Block diagram
• Description

• Principle

• Operation

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 RECAP

In last class we have learnt about the mass

spectrometer

• History

• Introduction

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 PRINCIPLE

• The sample is to be analyzed is first bombarded with an

e- beam to produce ionic fragments of the original

molecule

• These ions accelerated by passing through them an

electric field

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• They are sorted out by according to their mass/charge

ratio by passing through them by magnetic field

• A record of the number of different kinds of ions is called

“mass spectrum”

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• By varying accelerating voltage ions from other mass

species may be collected

• Ion currents measured in such cases would be

proportional to the amount of a given mass species

present

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 PROCEDURE

• Converts the substance into gaseous state by chemical

means

• It is introduced into highly evacuated spectrometer tube

• It is ionized by means of an electronic beam

• The positive ions are deflected and focused by means of

suitable magnetic and electric fields

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• For a given accelerating voltage area positive ions of

specific mass pass through a slit

• They reach the collector plate

• The ion current produced are amplified and measured

using an electrometer tube

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AEI 603.28 TO 29 9
 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

C
F

Recorder E
A B
Amplifier

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 WORKING

• The fig. shows the operation of mass spectrometer

• Molecules in the gas sample ‘ A’ to be analyzed are

bombarded with e- s

• It produces ions ‘B’

• They are accelerated in a vacuum into a magnetic field

‘C’

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• It deflects them it into circular path ‘D’
• The deflection for light ions is greater than that of heavy
ions
• The ion stream separate into beams of different
molecular weight to pass through to a collector electrode
‘E’
• The accelerating voltage on the ion source is gradually
reduced

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 DIAGRAM
Storage Gas inlet
chamber

To vacuum
Manometer Collector
Ionizing Gas inlet
electron beam

Molecular l
leak 600
Ion source

Accelerating DC
region Amplifier

Magnet Mass
Analyzer tube spectrograph
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AEI 603.28 TO 29 14
MASS SPECTROMETER

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MASS SPECTROMETER

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MASS SPECTROMETER

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 DESCRIPTION

It consists of
• Storage chamber
• Gas inlet
• Manometer
• Molecular leak
• Electron beam

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• Accelerating region
• Magnetic field
• Analyzer tube
• Resolving slit
• Collector
• DC amplifier
• Osillograph

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• Heated Tungsten filament produces an electric beam

• It passes between plates A and B

• A difference in electrical potential between A and B pulls

out ions from the beam

• They pass through the slit in B into the region B and C

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• Potential difference between B and C can be adjusted

from 0 V to several thousand Volts

• The ion beam enters into the trapezoidal shaped

magnetic poles

• It is deflected through an angle of 600, 900,1200 and 1800

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• Ion beams of successive greater may pass through a slit

• These ions falls on a collector electrode. They produce

minute electric current

• They can be amplified and measured

• Amplitude indicates the No. of ions in each of beam

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 Summary

In this class we have learnt about the

• Block diagram

• Description

• Principle

• Operation

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 Quiz

1. Mass spectrometer consists of

a. Electric field

b. Magnetic field

c. Both a and b

d. None

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1.Explain the principle of mass spectrometer?

2. Draw the schematic diagram of Mass spectrometer?

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