DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A. Vinay Kumar
Designation : H.O. D
Branch : Applied Electronics and
Instrumentation
Institute : Q.Q.GPT , HYD
Subject : Analytical Instrumentation
Code No : AEI-603
Major Topic : Mass spectroscopy & Chromatography
Duration : 100 Mts
Sub Topic : operation of Gas Chromatography
Teaching Aids : Animations, Diagrams
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 Objectives

After the completion of this topic you are able to

know about Gas Chromatograph
• Description

• Operation

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 Recap

In last class we have studied the chromatography

• History

• Introduction

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 Description

• It is a type of chromatography in which the mobile phase

is a carrier gas
• Usually an inert gas such as Helium or un reactive gas
like Nitrogen
• Stationary phase is a microscopic layer of liquid or
polymer of an inert solid support ( Column)
• This instrument performs the Gas chromatography
process

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 Description…..
• Gas chromatograph is different from other forms of
chromatography
• In this the solution travels through the column in a gas
state
• It interacts with the walls of the column
• It causes different compounds to elute at different times
called retention time
• The comparison of these retention times is the analytical
power to GC

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Gas Chromatograph

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AEI603.34 to 35 7
 Peak heights corresponding to
concentration

Time
C

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D
Gas Chromatogram

8
Gas Chromatograph

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Gas Chromatograph block diagram

Sample
Strip-
Injector
Chart
Pressure Recorder
Regulator Injection
Port

Flow
Regulato
r Temperat
Carrier ure
Gas Controlle
Oven r
Colum
n
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 Gas Chromatography

Basic parts of Gas chromatograph are

• Carrier gas supply along with pressure regulator and
flow monitor
• sample injection system
• Chromatographic column
• Thermal compartment or thermostat
• The detection system
• The strip chart recorder

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 Operation

• Normally N2 or Ar or He is used as Carrier gas

• A variable in compressed form in in a cylinder

• It is fitted with a suitable pressure

• it is conducted from the cylinder through a flow regulator

into a sample injection port

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 Operation……

• It is maintained at a certain temperature ‘T1’

• It ensures rapid vaporization, but not thermal

degradation of the solute

• gas and liquid samples are injected by syringe

• The solute vapor mixes almost instanteously with the

flowing carrier gas

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 Operation……

• It is swept into chromatographic column

• It is the ‘heart’ of the chromatograph

• There that the different solutes in vaporized sample are

separated from each other by virtue of their different in

interactions with the column packing

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 Operation……

• The column is maintained at another temperature ‘T2’

• It determines the time for the passage of the solute

• The resolution and efficiency obtained with the particular

column

• At the end of the column the solutes emerging

individually enter the detector

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 Operation……

• It produces an electrical signal corresponding to the

quantity of solute leaving the column
• This signal is supplied to a potentiometer recorder

• Chromatogram , a plot of time, signal amplitude is

obtained
• This will give the identity of the components in the
mixture and the concentration

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GC-Oven

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 Summary

In this class we have learnt about Gas

Chromatography

• Introduction

• Principle

• Operation

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 Quiz

1. In the Gas Chromatography the mobile phase

is
a) Liquid

b) Solid

c) Gas

d) None of the above

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the operation of gas chromatography?

with a neat diagram.

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