DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.RAMPRASAD
Designation : Lecturer
Institution : Q. Q. GPT., Hyderabad
Year/Sem : V Semester
Branch : Applied Electronics & Instrumentation
Engg.
Subject : LIC Applications (2/5)
Subject code : AEI-505
Topic : Applications of operational amplifiers
Sub -Topic : Effects of negative feedback on an
amplifier
Duration : 50 min.
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations
AEI-505.17 1
 Objectives:

Upon the completion of this topic the student will

be able to learn about

• Definition and types of feedback

• Effects of negative feedback on amplifier.

AEI-505.17 2
 Recap

• Definition of op-amp

• Characteristics of ideal op-amp

• Characteristics of open loop op-amp

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 Open loop operation of op-amp

Definition :-
Open loop indicates no connection exists between

output and input terminals. That is output signal is not

fed back in any form as part of the input signal and

the loop that would have been formed with feed back

is open.

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Block diagram of Open loop operation of
op-amp

i/p Op-amp o/p

Fig. 1

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Types of Open-loop configurations

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Differential amplifier

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 Differential amplifier

Definition :-
The input signals are applied to positive and

negative terminals. Since the op-amp

amplifies the difference between two signals.

This is called differential amplifier.

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 Differential amplifier

Circuit operation :-
• The input signals Vin1 and Vin2 are applied to positive
and negative terminals.
• The op-amp amplifies the difference between two
signals.

• The source resistance Rin1 and Rin2 are negligible

when compared to input resistance Rr .

• Hence the voltage drops across these resistors can

be assumed to zero.
AEI-505.17 9
 Equation of output voltage

Input equation:

V1 = Vin1 and V2 = Vin2

Output equation:

Vo=A(Vin1 – Vin2) = A ( V1 – V2)

 The output voltage of the differential amplifier is equal

to voltage gain, A times the difference between two
input signals
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 Feed back

Definition :-

The process of injecting a fraction of output energy of

some device back to the input is known as feed back.

Depending upon whether the feedback energy aids or

opposes the input signal, feed back are classified into

two types.

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Types of Feed Back:

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 Positive feed back

Definition :-

• When the feed back energy is in phase with the

input signal and thus aids it, it is called Positive feed

back.

• Positive feed back increases gain of the amplifier.

• However it has the disadvantages of increased

distortion and instability.

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 Applications of positive feed back

• It is commonly used in Oscillators

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 Negative feed back

Definition :-
• When the feed back energy is out of phase with the
input signal and thus opposes it, it is called Negative
feed back.

• Negative feed back reduces the gain of the amplifier.

• However the advantages of –ve feed back reduction

in distortion, stability in gain, increased band-width and
improved input and output impedances.

• Negative feed back is used in amplifiers.

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 Applications of negative feed back

• It is commonly used in Amplifiers

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Effects of negative feed back on amplifiers:

• Gain stability

• Reduces non-linear distortion

• Improves frequency response

• Increases circuit stability

• Increases input impedance

• Decreases the output impedance

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 Gain stability

• An important advantage of negative feed back is that

the resultant gain of the amplifier can be made
independent of transistor parameters or the supply
voltage variation.
A
Afb 
1  A
Where Afb = Gain with feedback
A = Gain without feedback
β = feed back factor

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 Non-Linear distortion

• Reduces non-linear distortion: Negative feed back

reduces the non linear distortion.

A
D fb 
1  A

Where Dfb = Distortion with feedback

D = Distortion without feed back

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 Frequency response

• Feedback is obtained with resistive network

• Voltage gain of the amplifier is independent of signal

frequency.

• Voltage gain of the amplifier is constant over a wide

range of signal frequency.

• Negative feed back improves the frequency response

of the amplifier.

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 Stability

• Output of an amplifier varies due to variations in

ambient temperature, frequency and signal amplitude.

• Change in the gain of the amplifier reduces the

distortion.

• Negative feed back, reduces the voltage gain and is

stabilized or accurately fixed value

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 Summary

We have discussed about :

• Definition and types of feedback

• Effect of negative feedback on amplifier

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 Quiz

1. Negative feedback is used in op-amp to construct

a) Amplifier

b) Oscillator

c) Transducer

d) Regulator

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 Quiz

1. In negative feedback amplifier which parameter

increases

a) Gain

b) Noise

c) Bandwidth

d) Output impedance

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 Input output impedance
• The negative feed back increases the input impedance

and decreases the output impedance.

Z1in = Zin(1+Aβ)

Z1out = Zout/1+Aβ

Where

Z1in & Z1out are the input impedances with feedback

Zin & Zout are the output impedances with feed back.
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 Frequently asked questions

1. How many types of feedback amplifiers are there ?

2. What is the effect of negative feedback on amplifiers?

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