DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : K.RAMPRASAD
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institution : QQGPT, Hyderabad
Semester : V semester
Subject : LIC applications
Sub. Code : AEI 505
Topic : Applications of operational amplifiers
Duration : 50 min.
Sub. Topic : Instrumentation amplifier
Teaching Aids : PPT, Diagrams and Animations

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 Recap

In the previous topic we had studied about

• Application of operational amplifier as voltage to current

converter

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 Objectives

Upon the completion of this topic you will be able

to know about

• Requirement instrumentation amplifier

• Internal circuit description

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3
 Requirement

The instrumentation amplifier is Intended for precise, low

level Signal amplification where low level Noise, low

thermal and time drifts, High input resistance, and

accurate Closed loop gain are required.

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 Definition

• General purpose OP-amp is used in differential or

when the requirements are not too strict

• These are employed in differential mode

• These are called as differential instrumentation

amplifier

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER

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• The transducer is a device that converts One
form of energy into another form
• The output of the transducer is a low level
signal
• An instrumentation amplifier is required to
place between transducer out put and input
of display

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• The figure shows block diagram of instrumentation
amplifier
• The connecting lines between the blocks Represent
the transmission lines.
• The length of the transmission lines depends primarily
on the physical Quantities to be monitored on
System requirements.
• The signal source of the instrumentation amplifier is
the output of the Transducer.

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Circuit diagram

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• The bridge is balanced initially At a desired
reference condition.

• The resistance of Rt changes as the temperature

changes then the bridge will be unbalanced
• Some output voltage will be developed

• That is amplified by differential instrumentation

amplifier

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 Equation

• At balance condition RC/ RB = RT / RA

• Where RA, RB, RC are resistance of fixed resistors

• RT = Variable resistor resistance

• According to voltage divider rule

• Va = Ra / Ra + (Rt + ∆R) X Vdc

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• Where ∆R = change in resistance of Rt due to
change in temperature

• Vb = RB/RB + Rc X Vdc

• Vdc = input voltage

• Voltage across the output terminal

• Vab = Va – Vb

= (Ra/Ra+rt+

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• Where ∆R = change in resistance of Rt due to
change in temperature

• Vb = RB/RB + Rc X Vdc

• Vdc = input voltage

• Voltage across the output terminal

• Vab = Va – Vb

= (Ra/Ra + Rt + ∆R – Rb/Rb + Rc) X Vdc

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If Ra = Rb = Rc = Rt = R then

Vab = (- ∆R (Vdc)/2(2R + ∆R)

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• The output voltage of the bridge is applied to the
differential instrumentation amplifier

• It is of three OP-amps

• The gain of the basic differential amplifier is

A = - RF/R1
• The output voltage V0 of the circuit is given as

V0 = Vab (- RF/R1)

• Since V0/Vin = A = -RF/R1 , Vin = Vab

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• V0 = [∆R Vdc/ 2 (2R + ∆R)]. RF/R1 as ∆R is very
small

• 2R + ∆R nearly equal to 2R t

hen the output voltage is given by

V0 = (RF . ∆R/R1. 4R). Vdc

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As the physical quantity to be Measured changes, the

resistance Of the transducer also changes,

Which causes the bridge to unbalance.

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PRACTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
AMPLIFIER

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PRACTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
AMPLIFIER

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 Summary

• In this class we have discussed about

instrumentation amplifier

• Introduction
• Requirements
• Operation
• Equation

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 Quiz

1. Differential instrumentation amplifier consists of

____ number of Op-amps

c) One
d) Two
e) Three
f) None

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Draw the circuit diagram of instrumentation amplifier ?

3. Explain the operation of instrumentation amplifier ?

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