DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name of the faculty : K. Sudha
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DAEIE
Institute : KDRGPT, WNP, MBNR
Semester :V
Subject code & name : AEI – 505 & Linear IC
Applications
Topic : Active Filters
Subtopic : Types & frequency
responses of filters
Duration : 100 MIN
Teaching Aids : PPTS, Animations
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 Objective

On completing this topic, you will be able to

know about

• Different types of active filters

• Ideal & practical frequency responses

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 Types Of Active Filters

• Low pass filter

• High pass filter
• Band pass filter
• Band reject or band stop filter
• All pass filter

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• All filters use op-amp as an active element

• Resistors & capacitors as passive elements

• High speed op-amp improve filter performance

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 Ideal & Practical Frequency Responses

• Dashed line indicate ideal responses

• Solid line indicates practical responses

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Low Pass Filter

• Constant gain from 0 hz to a high cutoff frequency fH

• After f > fH ,gain decreases with increase in input

frequency

• Frequencies between 0- fH are pass band frequencies

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Low pass filter

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• Beyond fH ,the frequencies known as stop band

• Ideal filter has ‘0’ loss in pass band

• Infinite loss in stop band

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 High Pass Filter

• fL is low cut off frequency

• Has a stop band between 0 < f < fL

• Pass band at f > fL

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High Pass Filter

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 Band Pass Filter

• Has pass band between two cutoff frequencies fH and fL

(fH > fL)

• Two stop bands at 0 < f < fL and f > fH

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Band Pass Filter

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• Bandwidth is equal to fH – fL

• fC is centre frequency of pass band

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 Band Stop Or Band Reject Filter

• Has stop band between cutoff frequencies fH & fL

• Two pass bands at 0 < f < fL and f > fH

• fC is the centre frequency of stop band

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Band Reject Filter

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 All Pass Filter

• Passes all frequencies equally well

• Output & input voltages are equal in amplitude with a

phase shift

• The highest frequency up to which amplitude remains

equal depend on unity gain bandwidth of op-amp

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Phase shift between input & output voltages of an all
pass filter
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Most Commonly Used Filters

1.Butterworth filter

2.Chebyshev filter

3.Cauer filter

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• Butterworth filter has flat pass band & stop bands

• Called as flat – flat filter

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• Chebyshev filter has a ripple pass band & flat stop band

• Cauer filter has a ripple pass band & a ripple stop band

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 Summary

We have discussed about,

• Types of active filters

• Ideal & practical responses of active filters

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 Quiz

3. The active element used in filters is?

d) Diode

e) Resistor

f) Op-amp

g) Rectifier

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2. The bandwidth of band pass filter is ?

• fH + fL

• fH – f L

• fH . f L

• fH / f L

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3.Name the filter which passes all frequencies well?
c) Band pass
d) Low pass
e) High pass
f) All pass

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1.Classify active filters?

2.Draw & explain ideal & practical responses of filters?

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