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ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Smt. RANI KAVATI
Designation : LECTURER
Branch : AEI
Institute : S.G.P.R GOVT Polytechnic, Kurnool
Semester : V Semester
Subject : PROCESS CONTROL
Subject code : AEI-504
Topic : Controller principles
Duration : 50 min
Sub Topic : Process characteristics
Teaching Aids : PPT
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Objectives
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The Process Characterstics
•Process equation
•Process load
•Process lag
•Self regulation
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Process equation
variable
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Controlling of temperature of the liquid
Figure : 1
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• The ( TL ) depends upon the following
• Ambient temperature ( TA )
• Steam temperature ( TS )
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• If any one of the above parameter changes a change in temperature
results and to bring the temperature back to the set point value the
steam flow rate is changed
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• Process load
A nominal value of all the process parameters
• Process lag
A delay in reaction of the controller variable to a change of
load variable
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• Self regulation
The tendency to adopt some value to controlled variable for
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Control System parameters
• Error
• Controller output
• Control lag
• Dead time
• Cycling
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Control system parameters
• Error
r = set point
e = error b
Error detector
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Controller output
The controller out put as a percent of full scale when the output
varies between specified limits is given by
• Dead time
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• Cycling
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Summary
We have discussed about
• Process characteristics .
• Process load
• Process log
• Self regulation
• Control system parameters
• Error
• Controller output
• Control log
• Dead time
• Cycling
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Quiz
1. Controlled variable
2. Manipulated variable
3. Load variable
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2. Control lag is delay in when error occurs
• Controller response
• Manipulated variable
• Load variable
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Frequently asked Questions
1. Define error.
3. Define cycling.
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