DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Sri. E. BABU
Designation : Lecturer
Branch: : Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering
Institute : S.G.P.R. Govt. Polytechnic, Kurnool.
Year/Semester : V Semester.
Subject : Process control
Subject code : AEI-504.
Topic : Controller principles.
Duration : 100mts.
Sub Topic : Implementation of PID Control modes
using OP-AMPS
Teaching Aids : Diagrams.
AEI 504.25 to 26 1
 RECAP

We have discussed about

• Proportional control mode

• Integral control mode

• Derivative control mode

AEI 504.25 to 26 2
 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to

know

• Implementation of PID Control mode using OP-

AMPS

AEI 504.25 to 26 3
 Interaction/Discussion

• What are the disadvantages of proportional control

• What are the disadvantages of integral control

• What are the disadvantages of derivative control

AEI 504.25 to 26 4
 PID CONTROLLER

• Most complex controller mode

• This is a composite controller

• Combines proportional , integral , and derivative modes

AEI 504.25 to 26 5
 PID CONTROLLER

• This system can be used for virtually any condition

• This mode eliminates the offset of the proportional

• This provides fast response

AEI 504.25 to 26 6
 PID CONTROLLER
The controller output p is given by

……(1)

• P = controller output in percent of full scale

• ep = process error in percent of the maximum

• Kp = proportional gain
AEI 504.25 to 26 7
 PID CONTROLLER

• KI = integral gain

• KD = derivative gain

• pI(0) = initial controller integral output

AEI 504.25 to 26 8
 PID controller circuit

A2

A1

A3

A5

A4

AEI 504.25 to 26 9
 From the fig.1 above

• The first OP-AMP A1 is the inverting amplifier with gain

R 2

R 1

• The output v1 of the amplifier A1 is

 R 
V  Ve
2

 R 
1

AEI 504.25 to 26 10
• OP- AMP A2 is unit gain amplifier

• A1 and A2 serves the purpose of proportional action

• A3 Serves the purpose of integration

• A4 serves the purpose of derivation

• A5 serves the purpose of summing all the actions

AEI 504.25 to 26 11
• Let us take v2 as the output of A2

Then v2= (R2/R1) ve

• Let us take v3 as the output of A3

1
Ve dt
RICI
Then v3= (R2/R1)

AEI 504.25 to 26 12
• Output of A4 is v4

Then v4=(R1/R2) RDCD

• Output of summing amplifier A5 is Vout= -(v2+v3+v4)

-Vout= v2+v3+v4

AEI 504.25 to 26 13
 • The output equation is given by

……(2)

• R3 has been chosen from 2 Π fmax R3CD << 1 for stability

AEI 504.25 to 26 14
 Gains of three controller mode
• Comparing equation 2 with equation 1 the following
relations may be established
R2
• Proportional gain GP =
R1
• Derivative Gain GD = RDCD

• Integrative Gain GI = 1/RICI

AEI 504.25 to 26 15
 Summary

• Realization of PID Controller modes using OP-

AMPS

AEI 504.25 to 26 16
 QUIZ

1. PID controller can be implemented with

(a) OP-Amp

(b) Pneumatic

(c) Both a and b

(d) None of the above

AEI 504.25 to 26 17
 Frequently asked Questions

1. Draw the implementation circuit for PID controller using OP-

Amp

2. Describe the implementation of PID controller using OP-

Amps

AEI 504.25 to 26 18