DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Sri.E. BABU
Designation : Lecturer
Branch: : Electronics and Instrumentation Engg.
Institute : S.G.P.R. Govt. Polytechnic, Kurnool.
Year/Sem : V Semester
Subject : Process control
Subject code : AEI-504.
Topic : Controller principles.
Duration : 50 mts.
Sub Topic : Two position mode controller output
for fixed error input
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
AEI504.29 1
 Recap

In the previous class we have discussed about

• Construction of Error detector using op-amp

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 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to

know:

• Two position controller mode output for fixed error

input
• Neutral zone
• Example of liquid level control system

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 Two position mode controller

• This is a discontinuous controller

• This is a ON/OFF controller

• Output equation for different conditions
p=
{ 0% for ep < 0
100% for ep > 0

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 Two position mode controller

• This relation shows that when the measured value is less

than set point

• Full controller output results when it is more than the set

point

• The controller output is zero when it is less than the set

point

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 Neutral zone

• In practical implementation of the two position controller

• There is an overlap as ep increases through zero or decreases

through zero

• In this span , no change in controller output occurs fig.1

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Two position mode controller

Fig.1
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 Neutral zone

• The controller output changes to 100% when the error changes

above ep

• The controller output changes to 0% when the error changes

below ep

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 Neutral zone

• The range 2Δ ep is called as the neutral zone

• This is also called as differential gap

• This is purposefully designed above a certain level

• This prevents excessive cycling

• This is a desirable hysteresis in a system

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 Example of Liquid level control system

• Finding neutral zone for following specifications

• Displacement of 2 to 3 m converted into 4 to 20 mA control

signal

• A relay serves as the two position controller to open or close

inlet valve

• The relay open 10mA and closes at 12mA

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Example of Liquid level control system

• The relation between level and a current is

• H = K I + H0

• We can write two equations as follows

• 2m = K (4 mA) + H0

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Example of Liquid level control system

• 3m = K (20 mA) + H0

• Solving these equations

• We get K= 0.0625 m/ mA and H0 = 1.75 m

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• The relay closes at 12mA , which is a high level HH

• HH = (0.0625 m / mA) (12 mA) + 1.75 m= 2.5 m

• The relay opens at 10mA , which is a low level HL

• HL = (0.0625 m / mA) (10 mA) + 1.75 m= 2.375 m

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 Summary

• Output of two position controller mode for fixed error

• Neutral zone

• Example of liquid level control system

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 QUIZ

1. The controller output for the error within the neutral

zone

a. 0%
b. 100%
c. No change
d. 50%

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2. The controller output for the error above the neutral zone

a. 0%
b. 100%
c. No change
d. None

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3. The controller output for the error below the neutral zone

a. 100%
b. 0%
c. 50%
d. None

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4. The two position controller is suitable for

a. Systems with slow process rates

b. Systems with medium speed

c. Systems with high speed

d. None

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 Frequently asked Questions in Examinations

• Describe the two position controller mode for fixed error

input

• Define the differential gap

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