DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Sri. E. BABU
Designation : Lecturer
Branch: : Electronics and Instrumentation Engg.
Institute : S.G.P.R. Govt. Polytechnic, Kurnool.
Year/Semester : V Semester
Subject : Process control
Subject code : AEI-504.
Topic : Controller principles
Duration : 50mts.
Sub Topic : Multi position mode controller output
for fixed error input
Teaching Aids : Diagrams.
AEI504.30 1
 Recap

In the pervious class we have discussed about

• Two position controller output for fixed error

input

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 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to

know:

• Multi position controller mode output for fixed

error input
• Three position controller output for variable error
input

AEI504.30 3
 Interaction/Discussion

• Output of two position controller

• Neutral zone

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 Multi position mode controller

• This is a discontinuous controller

• A logical extension of the two position mode

• This has several intermediate controller outputs

• This is useful when two position mode is not suitable

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 Multi position mode controller

• The output of this mode for different error conditions is

given by p = pi ep > ei i= 1, 2,….,n

+
• As the error exceeds certain set limits ei- the controller

output is adjusted to preset values pi

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 Three position controller mode

• Response of the controller for different error

conditions

• The output is written as follows

100 ep > e2

p= 50 - e1 < ep < e2

0 ep < - e1

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 Three position controller mode

• The controller output stays at 50% when the error is

between e1 and e2 of the set point

• When the error changes above the set point by e1 or more

Then controller output changes to 100%

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 Three position controller mode

• The controller output stays at 0% when the error is

less than set point by –e1 or more

• The following figure fig.1 illustrates concept

• Small neutral zones can be neglected

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Controller output verses error

Fig. 1

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 Three position controller mode

• This controller has more than two settings

• Hence this type of control mode requires a more

complicated final control element

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 Three position controller output

• Considering dynamic variable error as input

• The change in control element setting as the changes

about the two trip points is shown in fig.2

• The finite time required for the final control element

to change from one position to another is also shown

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Relation between error and three position controller
action, including the effects of lag

Fig. 2
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• Overshoot and undershoot of the error around the upper

and the lower set points

• These are caused by lagging times

• Lag times of the process and controller decides The

finite time required for the control element to reach a

new setting

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 Summary

We have discussed about :

• Multi position controller output for different error inputs

• A typical example of three position controller

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 QUIZ

1. The controller output for the error within e1 and e2

a. 0%

b. 100%

c. No change

d. 50%

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2. The controller output for the error above the e2

a. 0%

b. 100%

c. No change

d. None

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3. The controller output for the error below the e1

a. 100%

b. 0%

c. 50%

d. None

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4. The multiple settings causes the problem of

a. Simple final control element

b. Complicated final control element

c. Unpredictable output

d. None

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5. The finite time to reach to new setting is decided by

a. Controller lag time only

b. Process lag time only

c. Both a and b above

d. None

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 Frequently asked Questions in Examinations

• Describe the multi position controller mode for different error

inputs

• Describe the multi position controller mode for dynamic error

inputs

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