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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Sri. E. BABU
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics and Instrumentation Engg.
Institute : S.G.P.R.Govt.polytechnic,kurnool.
Year/Semester : V Semester.
Subject : Process control
Subject code : AEI-504
Topic : Controller principles.
Duration : 50mts.
Sub Topic : Out put of floating controller mode
with single speed and multi speed
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
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Recap

We have discussed

• Multi position controller output for different error


conditions
• Output equation

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Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to


know:

• Floating control mode output for fixed/variable


error input
• Single speed controller and multi speed controller

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Floating mode controller

• The specific output of the controller is not uniquely


determined by the error

• If the error is zero , then the output does not change but
remains floats at its previous setting

• When the error moves off zero, then controller output


changes

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CLASSIFICATION OF FLOATING CONTROL

There are two types of floating control modes

1. Single speed floating control

2. Multi speed floating control

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Single speed floating mode controller

• The output of the control element changes at a fixed rate


when the error exceeds the neutral zone.

Mathematically it can be expressed as

dp
 kF | e p | e p ---------(1)
dt

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where dp Rate of change of controller output with time

dt
KF= Rate constant(%/S)

e p = Half the neutral zone

Equation 1 can be integrated for the actual controller output

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P= KFt + p(0) |ep|> e p

Where p(0)= controller output at time t=0

• The present output depends on the time history of errors and

Such history is not known hence p floats at an undetermined value

• If the deviation persists then controller saturates at either 100% or

0%

• It is show in the following fig .1


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Single speed floating mode controller

Fig.1

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• The following fig.2 shows output vs time and error vs time

• Let us assume the controller reverse acting

• The controller output decreases when the error exceeds the

neutral zone

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Error and controller response

Fig.2

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Floating mode multi speed controller
• The controller has several rates for each error

• The rate increases as the deviation exceeds certain limits

• We can write equation as follow

dp
 K Fi | ep |> epi
dt
• If the error exceeds epi then the speed is KF. If the error rises to

exceed ep2 the speed increased to KF2


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Multi speed floating control action

Fig.3
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Summary

• Output of floating mode for fixed/variable error

• Multi speed control action

• Example of flow control system

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QUIZ

1. In a floating control mode if the error is zero then the output

a. 0%

b. 100%

c. Does not change but floats

d. 50%

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2. In a single speed floating control mode when the error exceeds

neutral zone then output changes


a. To 100%

b. At a fixed rate

c. No change

d. None

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3. In the multi speed controller the output changes

a. At fixed rate

b. At several rates

c. To 50%

d. None

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Frequently asked Questions in Examinations

• Describe the floating controller mode

• Explain multi speed control mode

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