DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.Sambaiah
Designation : H.A.E.I.E.S
Branch : Applied Elect.&Instru. Engg.
Institute : GMRP, KARIMNAGAR.
Year/semester : V Semester
Subject : PROCESS CONTROL
Subject code : AEI-504.
Topic : Introduction to continues batch process
and Final control Elements
Duration : 100 min.
Sub topic : Direct Digital Control Systems
Teaching aids : ppts, Diagrams

AEI504.36 TO 37 1
 Objectives

On Completion of this topic, you would be able

to know:
• Explanation of Direct Digital Control Systems
block diagram
• List of draw backs of DDC

AEI504.36 TO 37 2
 Direct Digital Control Systems

• In this controller, comparator and other safe -guarding

operations are provided by digital computer.

• Hence control equipment reduces to the transducer,

actuator.

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 Direct Digital Control Systems

• Digital computer also performs above operator with

analog data which is first encoded into binary format
require for digital computations.

• Data can provided as input and output of digital

computer through multiplexer and AD or DA converter.

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 Direct Digital Control Systems

• In Natural given variable inputs from process, let the

computer compare these internally to set point values

• solve controller mode equation and outputs necessary

signals to control elements.

• When this is done it is called direct digital control (DDC)

AEI504.36 TO 37 5
 Direct Digital Control Systems

• DDC is natural extension of data logging and data

reduction in addition to the control operations.

• Computer use has been growing rapidly infield of

process control because it is easily adapted to decision
making operation required in process control and
because of its inherent capacity to handle control of
multivariable systems.

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 Direct Digital Control Systems

• Controller requires an input of both measured

representation of dynamic variable

• Desired value of variable expressed in terms of

measured variable.

• Desired value of dynamic variable is referred to as set

point evaluates with comparison of controlled variable.

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Schematic of a Direct-Digital Control

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 DDC

• Control action is taken by the computer itself the control

equation can be chosen to suit the dynamic
characteristics of the system (process)

• Thus it need not be limited to a 3-term control action

only.

• The only constraint is that the chosen strategic , must

be programmable for the computer.

AEI504.36 TO 37 9
 DDC

• The programme may be designed for safe and

consistent operation of the process as well.

• The rate of change of the controlled variable may be

checked at stages and altered at will by a suitable
programming schedule comparing with a given set of
limiting values.

AEI504.36 TO 37 10
 DDC

• When the system complexity changes, the programme

alone needs to be altered and this can be done without
any change in the hardware.

• This adaptability has made the direct-digital control quite

alternate.

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 DDC

• Many complex control functions can be implemented

through the digital control algorithm.

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 Advantages

• The DDC is more economical

• It is more viable by considering
• Initial equipment cost,

• Operation cost

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 Disadvantages

• It applies to only cases in which digital logic circuits (or)

computer as integral part of loop
• Used for closed loop control systems
• Used for small scale control systems
• It accepts only digital signals as Inputs

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 Summary

We have discussed about

• Direct Digital Control Systems
• Its draw backs

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 QUIZ

1. In DDC, when process complexity changes, the

________ alone needs to be changed

(a) Hardware

(b) Software

(c) Both

(d) None

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain DDC with block diagram

2. List draw backs of DDC

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