DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : E. Sunil Kumar
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institute : K.D.R.G.P.T, WNP,MBNR
Semester : V
Subject : Process Control
Subject code : AEI-504
Topic : Introduction to Control System
Configuration
Duration : 100 mts
subtopic : Introduction to Adaptive Control
Teaching Aids : PPTS, Animations, Diagrams

AEI504.62 TO 63 1
 OBJECTIVES
On completion of this topic you would be able to
know:
• Introduction to adaptive control

• Explain the necessity of adaptive control

• Define adaptive control

• Explain the different terminology used in adaptive

controller

• Applications of adaptive control

AEI504.62 TO 63 2
 FEEDBACK CONTROL

• The basic function of feedback in automatic control is to

maintain the process output at its set point, which may

be held constant or varied according to some desired

way, in the presence of unknown load disturbances or

minor uncertainty in the dynamic characteristics of the

process AEI504.62 TO 63 3
 Necessity of Adaptive Control

• Feedback control works well if the controller parameters

have been properly designed or tuned according to the
process dynamic characteristics

• When the uncertainty in disturbance or process dynamic

characteristics is large, the performance of the fixed gain
feedback controller may become unacceptable and the
need for adaptive control arises

AEI504.62 TO 63 4
 ADAPTIVE CONTROL

• Adaptive control may be viewed as an additional control

loop that adjusts the parameters of the feedback
controller to ensure that dynamic performance measures
such as damping and bandwidth are satisfied in the
presence of significant changes in process or
disturbance dynamics

AEI504.62 TO 63 5
 DEFINITION

• Adaptive control may be defined as the mechanism for

implementing continuous automatic tuning of controller
parameters

AEI504.62 TO 63 6
 TERMINOLOGY

• A adaptive control involves automatically detecting the

changes that occur in the gain or dead time of process

and readjusting the PID control mode settings, thereby

adapting the tuning of the loop to the changing

conditions

AEI504.62 TO 63 7
 TERMINOLOGY

• Adaptation can be based on the inputs (loads) entering

the process- this is called programmed (or feed-forward)
adaptation

• A system that adapts on the basis of a measurement of

the disturbing factor is said to be programmed
adaptation

AEI504.62 TO 63 8
 TERMINOLOG

• When adaptation is based on the behavior of the

controlled variable (c)- this is called self adaptation (or
feedback adaptation)

• A system that adapts on the basis of a measurement of

its own performance is called self-adaptive

AEI504.62 TO 63 9
 TERMINOLOG

• When the criteria for adaptation can be specified in the

steady state, it is called steady-state adaptive (or
optimizing) control

• Eg:- The goal of setting the air-fuel ratio of a boiler so

that it will bring the process to maximum efficiency point
on its performance curve

AEI504.62 TO 63 10
 TERMINOLOG
• When the criteria for modifying the tuning constants is
the damping of the controlled variable after an upset, the
method of adaptation is called dynamic adaptation

• Eg:- In pH control when the process gain (Kp) rises as

the process approaches neutrality, the increased
process gain results in the loop becoming unstable, then
adaptive controller serves to maintain correct damping
when Kp rises by lowering the controller gain (Kc)

AEI504.62 TO 63 11
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Industry Loop Type (s)

Electronic pH-Cyanide Destruct

pH-Waste treatment

AEI504.62 TO 63 12
 Industrial Applications (Contd)

Industry Loop Type (s)

Pulp & Paper Temperature, Pressure,

Chemical Flow Level, Steam Drum
Level, Crude Tower
Oil & Gas

AEI504.62 TO 63 13
 Industrial Applications (Contd)

Industry Loop Type (s)

Pulp & Paper pH-Waste Treatment

composition, White Liquor

AEI504.62 TO 63 14
 Industrial Applications (Contd)

Industry Loop Type (s)

Pulp & Paper Temperature super heater,

Chemical pH-Waste Treatment

AEI504.62 TO 63 15
 QUIZ

1. ……………….. may be defined as the mechanism

for implementing continuous automatic tuning of
controller parameters

a) Cascade control

b) Adaptive control

c) Ratio control

d) None
AEI504.62 TO 63 16
 QUIZ

• A system that adapts on the basis of a measurement

of the disturbing factor is said to be

a) Programmed adaption

c) Self- adaption

e) Steady state adaption

g) Dynamic adaption

AEI504.62 TO 63 17
 QUIZ

• A system that adapts on the basis of a

measurement of its own performance is called

a) Programmed adaption

b) Self- adaption

c) Steady state adaption

d) Dynamic adaption

AEI504.62 TO 63 18
 QUIZ

4) When the criteria for adaption can be specified in the

steady state, it is called

a) Programmed adaption

c) Self- adaption

e) Steady state adaption

g) Dynamic adaption

AEI504.62 TO 63 19
 QUIZ

5) When the criteria for modifying the tuning constants is

the damping of the controlled variable after an upset,
the method of adaption is called

a) Programmed adaption

c) Self- adaption

e) Steady state adaption

g) Dynamic adaption

AEI504.62 TO 63 20
 Summary
We have discussed about

• Fundamentals of adaptive control

• Necessity of adaptive control

• Definition of adaptive control

• Terminology of adaptive control

• Applications of adaptive control

AEI504.62 TO 63 21
 Frequently asked questions in Examination

1. Define adaptive control

3. Give the necessity of adaptive control

5. List the types of adaptive control

7. List the applications of adaptive control

AEI504.62 TO 63 22