DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A. Vinay Kumar
Designation : HEIE
Branch : AEIE
Institution : Q.Q GPT, Hyderabad.
Subject : Process Instrumentation – II
Semester : IV
Code No : AEI-405
Major Topic : Pressure measurement
Duration : 50 Mins.
Sub Topic : Introduction to Pressure
Teaching Aids : Photos, animations, diagrams
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 Objectives
Upon the completion of this topic you will
be able to know about
Pressure
• Definition
• Necessity of Measurement.
• Relation
• Types of measuring instruments
• Types of Elastic elements

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 What is he doing?

Checking the blood Pressure

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What is he applying on the ball?

Pressure
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What is this?

Blood pressure meter

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In which state he is?

Under pressure

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How the gas is coming out?

With some pressure

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How the rocket is going up?

Due to the pressure

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 Definition and units of Pressure

Pressure is defined as force per unit area

Its units in SI system is Pascal.

1 N/m2 = 1 Pa (Pascal)
Engineers use the bar

1 bar = 105 Pa = 1 athmosphere ~ 10 m of

water column

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 Necessity of Pressure Measurement

• All industrial processes used liquids, Gasses or both.

• Controlling these processes require the measurement

and control of Liquid and Gas pressure.

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 Pressure Ranges
The following are the pressure
ranges of different areas:

• Car industry 1 - 5 bar (tyre), 20 bar

(air conditioning)

• Medicine: Blood: 100 mbar; in the human body 10 to 100 mbar

• Deep sea level: 4.000m ~ 400 bar

• Thin film processes: 1 to 1000 Pa (0,01 to 10 mbar)

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 Manometer

Pressure Under
measurement Vacuum

Mercury
Height of
Mercury
column

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 Pressure Relationship
Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Press.
+ Gage Press.

Vacuum = Atmospheric Pressure -

Absolute Pressure

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 Pressure Relationships

Gauge
Pressure
Absolute (PSIG)
pressure
PSIA
Vacuum
(Hg)

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 Pressure Relationships

• Gage pressure (PSIG)

• Absolute pressure (PSIA)

• Vacuum pressure (PSIV) or (in Hg)

• Atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi)

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Elastic element mechanical pressure
gauges

Diaphragm Bourdon tube

Bellows Capsul
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 Operation of Pressure
Measuring Devices

• Manometers

• Bourdon tube

• Bellows gage

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 Hydrostatic manometers

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Types of manometers

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Well type Manometer

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Inclined tube manometer

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SENSORS

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Pressure meter

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Pressure Meter

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Differential pressure transducers in a variety
•

of ranges and outputs

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 Summary

We have discussed about

• Pressure

• Types of pressure

• Pressure measuring devices

• Types of elastic elements

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 Quiz

1. Pressure is defined as
A. Force per Distance

B. Force per Acceleration

C. Force Per unit Area

D. None of the above

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 Frequently asked questions

1) Define Pressure and give its units.

3) Give the importance of Pressure Measurement.

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