DEPARMENTOF TECHNICALEDUCATION

ANDHRAPRADESH
Name : N.Sanjeeva Rao
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Applied Electronics & instrumentation
Engg
Institute : Govt. polytechnic for women, srikakulam
Year/Semester : 1V Semester
Subject : Process Instrumentation –II
Sub. Code : AEI-405,
Topic : Flow Measurements
Duration : 50mts
Sub- Topic : Head Type Flow Meter
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations, photographs
AEI405.22 1
 Objective

Upon completion of this topic, you will able to know about

• Head type flow meter
– principle and definition

– Bernoulli's theorem

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Head type flow meter

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 Principle of head type flow meter
• In this ,a restriction is placed in fluid path.

• Restriction creates pressure difference

• The pressure difference indicates flow rate.

• The relationship based on Bernoulli's theorem

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 Head Type Flow Meter

• The Head type flow meters have a common feature in

that they produce a pressure difference when fluid flow

is maintained through them .

• There is a certain linear relationship between the

pressure difference and flow rate of the fluid

• Head type flow meters follows Bernoulli's theorem

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 Bernoulli’s theorem

• It states that in a fluid stream, the sum of pressure

head, velocity head and elevation head at a point is
equal to their sum at any other point removed in the
direction of flow from the first point plus loses due to
the friction between the two points.

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 Diagram

Fig 1 AEI405.22 7
 Description

• Consider a flow tube of varying cross sectional area and

having a difference in level as shown in fig. 1
• An incompressible fluid density ‘ ρ’ is assumed to
steadily flowing through the pipe
• The flow tube axis inclined above datum line ‘XY’ line
• Applying the Bernoulli’s theorem , the relationship for the
fluid flow under equilibrium conditions can be expressed
as

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 Equation

p1 v12 p2 v2 2
  h1    h2  k    (1)
 2g  2g

Where p1 = Pressure per unit area at BD

p2 = Pressure per unit area at FH
v1 = The fluid velocity at BD
v2 = The fluid velocity at FH

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ρ = Fluid density

g = Acceleration due to gravity

h1 = Height of centre of gravity of volume BCED above

datum line

h2 = Height of centre of gravity of volume FGIH above

datum line

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If the level of the pipe line is parallel to the datum line
then h1 = h2

2 2
p1 v1 p 2 v2
+ = + − − − − ( 2)
ρ 2g ρ 2g

P1is 
If the flow P2
continuous, V2the
then
2 2
V1 fluid Qv passing
quantity

Per second ateBD must be equal 2togthat at FH
Qv = A1v1 = A2v2 -------------(3)
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 2g
V V 
2
2
1
2
( P1  P2 )      (4)
e
A2
v1  v2  mv2    (5)
A1
A2
Qm  substituting (5)in(4)
A1
2 g ( p1  p2 ) 2g 2 g (( p1  p2 )
v (1  m ) 
2 2
 v2 
2
x
 
2
(1  m )
2

1 2 g ( P1  P2 )
v2 
(1  m 2 ) 
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(Q A2V2  Qr )

= velocity approach factor

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 2 gPd
Qv  CEA2
e
Qv pd Since all other parameters are
constant

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 Summary

We have discussed about

• Derivation of Bernoulli's Theorem

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 Quiz

1. Which of the following flow meter follows

Bernoullis Theorem
a) Anemometer
b) baro meter
c) Pitot tube
d) Ultrasonic Flow meter

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Derive the equation of flow rate for head

Type flow meter.
2. State Bernoulli's theorem.

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