You are on page 1of 19

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : G. Kantha Rao
Designation : Lecturer in ECE
Branch : Applied Electronics & Instrumentation
Institute : Govt Polytechnic for Women , Srikakulam
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Process Instrumentation – II
Sub. Code : AEI-405
Topic : Flow Measurements
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub. Topic : Transit Time Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Teaching Aids : Images
AEI405.39 1
Objectives

After the end of this Session , We will be able to


learn about Ultrasonic flowmeter
 Construction details &

 Working principle of Ultrasonic Flow meter.

 Advantages

 Limitations

AEI405.39 2
Transit Time Ultrasonic Flowmeter-Principle

 The Time for the sound to travel between the


transmitter and a receiver is measured

 This method is not dependable on the particles in the


fluid

AEI405.39 3
Transit Time Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Fig 39.1
AEI405.39 4
Transit Time Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Fig 39.1
AEI405.39 5
Principle
 An Ultrasonic flowmeter is mounted at an angle or
parallel to the pipe wall

 Short duration Ultrasonic waves are transmitted across


the fluid

 The velocity of the ultrasonic waves is increased or


decreased by the fluid velocity depending upon the
direction of fluid flow

AEI405.39 6
Construction

 The figure shows the schematic arrangement of


ultrasonic flowmeter of transit time type

 Two transmitters of piezo electric device A&B are at


the down side of the flow tube with an angle

 Two piezo electric receivers A&B are connected to the


pipe at top side with an angle

AEI405.39 7
Operation
 The fluid in the pipe flows at a velocity ν

 The transmitter transmits short duration ultrasonic


signals through the fluid at a velocity ‘l’

 The signal received by the receiver A is increased to


C+ν cos θ because it is in the direction of fluid flow

 The reception frequency of the receiver pulse fA will be

fA = (C+ν cos θ)/(l)

AEI405.39 8
Operation

Where θ= angle between the path of sound and pipe


wall

l = distance between the transmitter and


receiver

 The velocity of the ultrasonic signal transmitted by A is


received by the receiver B will reduced by the fluid
velocity

 It creates a retardation of C+ν cos θ


AEI405.39 9
Operation

 If the reception frequency is given by fB = (C-ν cos θ)/(l)

 The difference in frequencies is given by

Δf = fA- fB = (2ν cos θ)/l

Time duration = ΔT= (l)/ (2ν cos θ) (since ΔT=1/Δf )

AEI405.39 10
Operation

 By measuring the difference in repetition frequency Δf


and by knowing the value of θ and l the velocity of fluid
can be measured

Or

 The flow velocity can be computed by measuring the


time difference between the two pulses in either
directions

AEI405.39 11
Advantages

 Bidirectional measuring capability

 Good accuracy

 Fast response

 Wide frequency range

 Used for any size of pipes

 Measurement is independent of the velocity of sound ‘c’

AEI405.39 12
Disadvantages

 High cost

AEI405.39 13
Applications

 Used mostly for liquids without any pressure

AEI405.39 14
Limitations

 It requires reliability high frequency sound transmitted


across the pipe

 Liquid slurries with excess solids or entrained gases


may block the ultrasonic pulses

 These are not recommended for primary sludge, mixed


liquor ,septic sludge and activated carbon sludge

 Liquids with entrained gases cannot measured reliably

AEI405.39 15
Summary

In this Session , We have learnt …


 Transit Time Ultrasonic Flowmeter

 Construction details and working principle

 Advantages and Limitations

AEI405.39 16
Quiz

1. Ultrasonic Flow meters are used to measure Fluid’s….?

a) Velocity

b) Acceleration

c) Speed

d) None

AEI405.39 17
2. transceiver means … ?

a) Transmitter

b) Transmitter and Receiver

c) Receiver

d) None

AEI405.39 18
Frequently asked Questions

1. Explain the principle of operation of Transit Time

Ultrasonic Flowmeter ?

2. What are the advantages of Transit Time Flowmeter?

3. Mention the limitations of Transit Time Flowmeter?

AEI405.39 19

You might also like