DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : N. YESU MARIAMMA
Designation : Senior Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Instrumentation
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic for Minorities, Guntur.
Year/Semester : IV - Semester
Subject : Process Instrumentation – II
Sub. Code : AEI - 405
Topic : Viscosity Measurement (4/5)
Duration : 50 min
Sub Topic : Introduction to Viscosity
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
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 Objectives

Upon completion of this topic the student will be

able to know about

• Definition

• Terms associated with viscosity

• Necessity of viscosity measurement

• Types of viscometers

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 Introduction

• It is a measure of the fluidity of the liquid or the gas

• Many fluids undergo continuous deformation with the

application of shearing stress

• This shear force produces a flow

• If the force-flow relation is linear then the fluid is said to

be Newtonian

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• For non Newtonian fluids the relation is not only non-

linear but changes from material to material

• When continuous deformation occurs the fluid tries to

oppose this with frictional resistance

• This resistance is measured in terms of consistency

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 Fig.1

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Fig 2
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 Definition:

• Consistency of Newtonian fluids is called” Viscosity”

• It is often formulated as the ratio of shear stress to shear rate

S

(dv / dz )

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Fig 3

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Where
• S is the shear stress
• dv/dz is the velocity gradient

The unit of viscosity is Newton-Sec/m2 = 10 poise

Fluidity is the reciprocal of viscosity units are

rhe = 1/poise

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Kinemetic viscosity ( )
• It is the ratio of absolute viscosity to density of the fluid in
/
cm2/sec, or stokes
Specific viscosity
• It is the ratio of absolute viscosity of the fluid to the absolute
viscosity of the standard fluid at the same temperature.
 s   /  st

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 Relative viscosity (  R )

• It is the ratio of the absolute viscosity of the fluid at a

given temperature to the absolute viscosity of a standard
fluid at 200c.

• Viscosity index (Iv)

• It is an emperical number that indicates the effect of

changes of temperature on viscosity of the fluid

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Fig 4

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 Necessity:
• Measurement of viscosity of lubricating oils, fuels, paints

is taken into consideration before their use

Lubricating oils :-

• Lubricating should be sufficiently viscous so that they are

not squeezed out from the bearings

• Further they should not be too viscous to increase the

resistance to the motion between the moving parts.

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Paints :-

• In paint spraying the viscosity of paint should be maintained

with certain limits

• Hence the measurement of viscosity is necessary in

process industries

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 Types of viscometer

• There are mainly three types of viscometers used in

measurement viscosity.

• They are:

• Capillary tube viscometer

• Falling ball viscometer

• Rotating concentric cylinder viscometer

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 Summary

In this class we have discussed about

• Definition of viscosity

• Terms associated with viscosity

• Necessity of viscosity measurement

• Types of viscometers

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 Quiz

1. The unit of viscosity is

a) Newton-Sec/m2

b) Newton-Sec

c) Newton-meter

d) None of the above

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1. The ratio of absolute viscosity to density of the fluid is
known as

b) Specific viscosity

c) Relative viscosity

d) Viscosity index

e) Kinematic viscosity

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1. Consistency of Newtonian fluids is called

b) Resistivity

c) Viscosity

d) Both a and b

e) None

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 Frequently asked questions

1. Define viscosity

2. Explain necessity of viscosity in process industries

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THANK YOU

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