DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : E. Sunil Kumar
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institute : K.D.R.G.P.T, WNP,MBNR
Semester : VI
Subject : Industrial Electronics, PLC & SCADA
Subject code : AEI-602
Topic : Opto-Electronic Devices
Duration : 100 mts

subtopic : Opto Couplers

Teaching Aids : PPTS, Animations, Diagrams
AEI602.7 TO 8 1
 Objectives

On the completion of this topic you would be able

to

• Explain construction of Opto Coupler

• Explain the working principle of Opto Couplers

• Typical application of Opto Couplers

AEI602.7 TO 8 2
 Objectives

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Opto Couplers

• Applications of Opto Coupler

AEI602.7 TO 8 3
 Opto Coupler

• Can also be called as Opto Isolator

• Solid state component

• Consists of light emitter, light path and light detector

• All enclosed with-in a component

AEI602.7 TO 8 4
 Construction

• Infra Red emitting diode (IRED) acts as light emitter

• Glass acts as light path

• Photo transistor acts as light detector

AEI602.7 TO 8 5
 Construction…

Enclosure

Photo Detector
Light Emitter

Light Path

AEI602.7 TO 8 6
 Principle

• One way transfer of electrical signal from IRED to photo

transistor without any electrical connection between the

Input and output circuitry

AEI602.7 TO 8 7
 Features
• Degree of Isolation between input and output depends
on
- Kind of material used in the path
- Distance between Light emitter and light detector

• The effectiveness of device is expressed in Current

Transfer Ratio (CTR)

• CTR is the ratio of detector to emitter current

AEI602.7 TO 8 8
 Application
Opto Coupler ON-OFF Control
+Vcc
Opto Coupler

Relay
Q1

Q2

R1
R2

AEI602.7 TO 8 9
 Working

• Output of opto coupler is amplified by transistor

Q2

• Relay is connected in the collector of transistor

Q2

• When relay is energized the control device is ON

AEI602.7 TO 8 10
 Working

• When opto coupler is ON , emitter current Ie

flows through Q1 and biases Q2

• Results flow of collector current in Q2

• Relay is energized

AEI602.7 TO 8 11
 Working

• When opto coupler is OFF there is no photo

current in Q1

• Q2 is biased to cut-off as emitter and base are at

same potentials

• Relay is de-energized and control device is OFF

AEI602.7 TO 8 12
 Merits of Opto Coupler over Isolation
Transformer

• Electrical isolation is superior to that of a

transformer isolation

• The charge-less photons are not influenced by

electrostatic or electro magnetic fields

• Faster than isolation transformer

AEI602.7 TO 8 13
 Merits of Opto Coupler over Isolation
Transformer…

• The conditions of load changing will not effect

the input as the signal is unilateral

• In switching or chopping operations inherent

mechanical problems are eliminated by contact-
less operation of these isolators
AEI602.7 TO 8 14
 Advantages…

• Economical
• Solid state reliability
• Medium to High speed signal transmission
• Small Size
• High voltage isolation
• Low power operation

AEI602.7 TO 8 15
 Disadvantages

• Finite ON Resistance

• Low transmission efficiency

AEI602.7 TO 8 16
 Applications

• High voltage applications

• DC to DC Converters

• Bio-Medical Instrumentation

AEI602.7 TO 8 17
 Summary

We have discussed about

• The construction of Opto Coupler

• Working principle of Opto Coupler

• Typical application of Opto Coupler

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Opto Coupler

• Applications of Opto Coupler

AEI602.7 TO 8 18
 Quiz

1) Light Emitter in the photo coupler is

a) Infra red LED

c) LED

e) Ultra Violet light

g) None

AEI602.7 TO 8 19
 Quiz

2) The effectiveness of Photo Coupler is expressed in

a) CMRR

b) CTR

c) VTR

d) None

AEI602.7 TO 8 20
 Quiz

3) One of these forms a part of photo coupler

a) Photo diode

b) Photo transistor

c) Photo conductive

d) None

AEI602.7 TO 8 21
 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Give the principle of Opto coupler

3. Explain the construction of Opto coupler

5. Explain with a neat diagram a typical application of Opto

coupler

7. List the advantages and disadvantages of Opto coupler

9. List the applications Opto Couplers

AEI602.7 TO 8 22