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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.Sambaiah
Designation : H.A.E.I.E.S
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institute : GMRP, KARIMNAGAR.
Semester : VI
Subject : Industrial Electronics, PLCs and SCADA
Subject code : AEI-602.
Topic : PLC Programming
Duration : 100 min.
Sub topic : PLC-Units
Teaching aids : ppts,Diagrams

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Objectives

On Completion of this topic you will be able to


know…

The basic units of PLC

• Power supply Module

• CPU Module

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PLC System

PM
Programmer
/ Monitor

CPU

Input Microprocessor Output


Module
Memory Module

Power
Supply

Rack and chassis


Fig.1
AEI602.43
EC602.47to 44 3
Basic Units of PLC

• Power supply Module

• Central Processing Unit (CPU) Module

• Bus Unit Module

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Basic Units of PLC…

• I/O Module

• Interfacing Module

• Programmer Module

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Power Supply Module

• The power supply provides power to both the memory


system and processor.

• So that they have power and work properly.

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Power Supply Module…

• The power available in most plants is 230 volts


alternating current at 50 Hz .

• Most PLCs operate on +5 and -5 volts DC.

• The PLC CPU must therefore contain circuitry to convert


the 230-volts AC input to the required 5-volts DC values.

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Power Supply Module…

• The conversion is accomplished by a built-in voltage-


converting power supply.

• Figure.2 includes the makeup of a typical power supply


in block diagram form.

• The figure.2 also shows voltage waveforms versus time


at various points in the power supply.

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Power Supply Module…

Fig : 2
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Power supply unit of PLC Battery
Backup
System

T1 + + 5vDC
L1 Line +
T2 Converter/ 0 0 0
L2 Conditioner Rectifier Filter Regulator 5vDC
G - - -
G
To CPU
operatin
From g units
power
panel

Fig.3
AEI602.43
EC602.47to 44 10
Power Supply Module…

• Four parts are shown in the figure.2, plus a switching


system for the battery backup system.

• The first block on the left, the AC conditioning block,


could be included in the PLC CPU.

• More often it is a separate external unit that is sized


according to the CPU current rating.

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Power Supply Module…

• The AC conditioner purifies the AC waveform.

• The second block in the diagram is the rectifier.

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Power Supply Module…

• It changes the bidirectional AC to a pulsating,


unidirectional DC waveform.

• Internally, a transformer steps the voltage down to an


appropriate level.

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Power Supply Module…

• Then, bridge rectifiers produce pulsating DC outputs.


One output is +5 volts; the other is -5 volts.

• This dual voltage is required to operate many of the IC


chips in the CPU.

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Power Supply Module…

• The third block in the diagram is the filter section, which


accomplishes the required smoothing.

• The filter consists of internal circuitry, including


capacitors and resistors or inductors.

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Power Supply Module…

• A fourth block shown in the figure.2, the regulator, is


always included.

• A regulator keeps the voltages at or near the 5-volts


levels regardless of load (CPU) demands.

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Central Processing Unit (CPU) Module

• The CPU is made up of three parts:

1. The memory system

3. The processor

5. The power Supply

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Central Processing unit Alterable
Memory
Fixed --Diagram
Memory --Numeric
--Function
---Logic Status --I/O
-- Edit Status
--Monitor --”Scratch Pad”
-- --Etc.
Communicate
--Etc.
--RAM--

--ROM--

Processor
--logic Battery
Power --Clock Back up power
--Etc.
Supply

Peripherals:
Input Monit Output
Input Printers
Building or
Commands Modules
modules : Recorders
Electrical
Keyboard Etc.
AC Power
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Fig.4
CPU Module…

• The memory system stores the PLC’s control program,


as well as the data received from and sent to the I/O
system.

• It also keeps track of which I/O devices are connected


to which I/O interfaces.

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CPU Module…

• The processor is the computerized part of the CPU that


performs the control program.

• It manipulates the data stored in the memory system and


determines what control output should occur based on
the given input conditions.

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Summary

We have discussed about

The basic units of PLC

• Power supply Module

• CPU Module

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Quiz

1. Basic components of PLC are

a) Power supply Module

b) CPU Module

c) Bus Unit Module

d) all Ans: d

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Quiz
2. The memory system stores the PLC’s

a) control program
b) Data from I/O system
c) control program & Data from I/O system
d) None

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Frequently Asked Questions

2. Briefly explain PLC block diagram

4. Briefly explain power supply module of PLC

6. Briefly explain the CPU module of PLC

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