DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.Sambaiah
Designation : H.A.E.I.E.S
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institute : GMRP, KARIMNAGAR.
Semester : VI
Subject : Industrial Electronics, PLC and SCADA
Subject code : AEI-602
Topic : PLC Programming
Duration : 100 min.
Sub topic : Ladder Programs Using Bit Instructions
Teaching aids : ppts,Diagrams

AEI602.53 TO 54 1
 Objectives

On Completion of this topic you will be

able to know…

• Ladder Programs Using Bit Instructions

AEI602.53 TO 54 2
 Ladder Programs Using Bit Instructions

• Ladder logic diagrams also use certain ladder

instructions to carry out complex tasks that cannot be
carried out by simple NC/NO switches.

• Some examples of these complex tasks include setting

timers for operations, keeping a track of defective parts
and switching

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 Ladder Programs Using Bit Instructions…

• Instructions based on certain conditions, on their

functionality ladder instructions can be
categorized as follows:

• Relay type instructions

• Logical instructions

• Program control instructions

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 Ladder Programs Using Bit Instructions…

• Timers and counters related instructions

• Data handling instructions

• File handling instructions

• Shift register and sequencer related instructions.

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 Ladder Programs Using Bit Instructions…

• In this lesson bit instructions

Relay type instructions

Logical instructions

Program control instructions

are discussed.

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 Relay Type Instructions

• Relay type instructions control and monitor the status of

the input and output bits in data files.

• These data files consist of input and output image files

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 Relay Type Instructions…

• The image files store the status of real -world input

devices.

• Similarly the output image files store the status of real

world output devices

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 Relay Type Instructions…

• If an input device is closed or ON the corresponding

input bit is set to ON or 1.

• Similarly if an input device is open or OFF the

corresponding input bit is set to OFF or 0.

• The processor sets the output bit based on the status of

the input bit and the logic of the of the program .

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 Relay Type Instructions…

• If the output bit is set to ON or 1,the output device

energized or ON

• Alternately if the output bit is set to OFF or 0,the output

device is de-energized or OFF.

• For example, consider the ladder logic shown in figure

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EX: Relay type instruction for controlling I/O
devices

1:012 0:015

07 03

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 Relay Type Instructions…

• This logic instructs the processor that if the real world

input device connected input terminal 7 of module in I/O
group 2 of I/O rack 1 is switched ON then set the status
of the bit 1:012/07 to 1.

• If the status of the bit I:012/07 is 1, then set the status of

the bit O:015/03 as 1.

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 Relay Type Instructions…

Based on their function relay type instruction can

be categorized as:

• Input instructions

• Output instructions

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 Input Instructions

• Input instructions, read the status of input bits in

the input image file and control the status of the
rung there are to input instructions used in Allen
Bradley.

• Examine on (XIC)

• Examine off (XIO)

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 Input Instructions…

• XIC

• The XIC instruction is used for no contacts it results in

true if the input bit is one and false if the input bit is zero.

• You can use an XIC instruction if an output needs to be

energized when an input devices is switched ON.

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 Input Instructions…

• XIO

• The XIO instruction is used for NC contacts it results if

the input bit is 0 and false if the input bit is 1.

• You can use an XIO instruction if an output needs to be

energized when an input device is switched OFF.

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 Input Instructions…

• XIC instruction

• XIO instruction

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 Output Instructions

• Output instructions read the status of the rung

and control the status of the output bits in an
output image file the output instructions used in
Allen Bradley PLCs are:

• Energize (OTE)
• Latch (OTL)
• Unlatch (OUT)
• Immediate input (IIN)
• Immediate output (IOT)

AEI602.53 TO 54 18
 Output Instructions…

• OTE

• OTE instructions control the output bit based the rung

condition if the rung condition is true the OTE
instruction sets the output bit to 1 if the rung condition is
false the output bit value is changed to 0.

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 Output Instructions…
• OTL

• OTL instruction are retentive instructions if the rung

condition is true it sets the output bit to1 however the
reverse is not possible using this instruction
• Even if the rung condition changes to false this instruction
cannot set output bit to 0.

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 Output Instructions…

• OTU

• This instruction functions in a manner opposite to the

OTL instruction reads

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 Output Instructions…

• IIN

• This instructions are used to interrupt the normal scan

cycle in the program scan and update the input word

IN

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 Output Instructions…

• IOT:

• This Instructions are used to interrupt the normal scan

cycle in the program scan and update output word

IOT
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 Summary

We have discussed

• Ladder Programs Using Bit Instructions

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 QUIZ

2) What are the instructions used to Examine on

and Examine off
a) XIC
b) XIO
c) a&b
d) OFF

ANS ) c

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 QUIZ

2) What are the instructions used to Energize and

Latch

a) OTE
b) OTL
c) IIN
d) a&b

ANS ) d

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 Frequently Asked Questions

3. List the input instructions and explain with examples?

5. List the output instructions and explain with examples

7. List the relay instructions and explain with examples?

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