DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Sri.E. BABU
Designation : Lecturer
Branch: : Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
Institute : S.G.P.R. Govt. Polytechnic, Kurnool.
Year/Semester: VI Semester.
Subject : IE , PLC AND SCADA.
Subject code :AEI-602.
Topic : SCADA.
Duration : 50mts.
Sub Topic : SCADA components and Applications
Teaching Aids: Animations, Diagrams.
AEI602.67 1
 Objectives

On the completion of this topic, you would be

able to know about

• MTU (Master station)

• RTU (Remote terminal unit)

• Communication methods

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 Objectives…

• Soft wares used in SCADA

• Practical application of SCADA

• Merits of SCADA

• Applications of SCADA

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 Human Machine Interface (HMI)

• The HMI / SCADA was essentially born out of a need for

a user-friendly front-end to a control system containing
programmable logic controllers (PLC).

• While a PLC does provide automated, pre-programmed

control over a process, they are usually distributed across
a plant, making it difficult to gather data from them
manually.

• The HMI / SCADA gathers information from the PLCs via

some form of network, and combines and formats the
information.

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 Human Machine Interface (HMI)…

• A sophisticated HMI may also be linked to a

database, to provide instant trending, diagnostic

data, scheduled maintenance procedures, logistic

information, detailed schematics for a particular

sensor or machine, and expert-system trouble

shooting guides.

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 SCADA Components

There are three main components of a SCADA

system

• Remote Terminal Unit( RTU)

• Master Station (MTU)

• Communication Infrastructure

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 Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
• The RTU connects to physical equipment, and read status
data such as the open/closed status from a switch or a
valve, read measurements such as pressure, flow, voltage
or current.

• By sending signals to equipment the RTU can control

equipment, such as opening or closing a switch or a valve,
or setting the speed of a pump.

• The RTU can read digital status data or analogue

measurement data, and send out digital commands or
analogue set points.

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 Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)…

• An important part of most SCADA implementations

are alarms. An alarm is a digital status point that has
either the value NORMAL or ALARM. Alarms can be
created in such a way that when their requirements
are met, they are activated.

• The SCADA operator's attention is drawn to the part

of the system requiring attention by the alarm.
Emails and text messages are often sent along with
an alarm activation alerting managers along with the
SCADA operator.

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 Master Station (MTU)

• The term "Master Station" refers to the servers and

software responsible for communicating with the field
equipment (RTUs, PLCs, etc), and then to the HMI
software running on workstations in the control room,
or elsewhere.

• In smaller SCADA systems, the master station may be

composed of a single PC.

• In larger SCADA systems, the master station may

include multiple servers, distributed software
applications, and disaster recovery sites.

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 Master Station (MTU)…

• The SCADA system usually presents the information to

the operating personnel in the form of a mimic. This
means that the operator can see a representation of the
plant being controlled.

• Instead of relying on operator intervention, or master

station automation, RTUs may now be required to operate
on their own to perform other safety-related tasks.

• The master station software is required to do more

analysis of data before presenting it to operators including
historical analysis and analysis associated with particular
industry requirements.
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 Communication Infrastructure

• SCADA systems have traditionally used combinations of

radio and direct serial or modem connections to meet
communication requirements, although Ethernet and IP over
SONET is also frequently used at large sites such as power
stations.

• SCADA protocols are designed to be very compact and

many are designed to send information to the master station
only when the master station polls the RTU.

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 Communication Infrastructure…
The interface units in general used for
communication are

 RS-232

 RS-422,485

 PROFIBUS

 MOD BUS

 CANBUS

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 Communication Infrastructure…

From MTU From Field devices

4-20 mA field analog signals

Discrete controls
Orders to respond 0 or 24 v alarm switch signal
RTU Pulse train signals
Analog setting
instructions RS232 signals from devices
Stepping motor pulses

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 Communication Infrastructure…

To MTU To Field Devices

Field analog signals Contact closes or 24 v signal

alarms 4-20 mA signal

RTU
Totalized meter signals Pulse train signals
Equipment messages RS-232 serial
messages
to Field devices

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Communication of MTU & RTU

Serial port
communication

MTU RTU

Common protocol

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 Elements of workstation

mimic

Alarms Alarms
Processing Logging
process Simulation
trend data base
state
processing logging
instructor desk

actualisation
process data

plant

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 Soft wares used in SCADA

• Winlog Pro HMI software ----- Siemens

• Winlog lite HMI software ---- Siemens
• Data lynx-remote modem software
• Data Worx software
• Fix software
• Loop-Pro software
• AutoCAD compatible schematic drawing software
• Look out Direct – PC based HMI software
• Win CC software ---- Siemens
• RS View software --- Allenbradly

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 Practical Application of SCADA

Fig.1 AEI602.67 18
 SCADA

• SCADA systems typically implement a distributed

database which contains data elements called points.

• A point represents a single input or output value

monitored or controlled by the system. Points can be
either "hard" or "soft".

• A hard point is an actual input or output connected to

the system, while a soft point is the result of logic
and math operations applied to other hard points.

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 SCADA
• The system is programmed to read the measured flow

and level and sends the set points to PLC.

• It monitors high and low level of the tank and send

necessary signal to PLC to control the speed of pump.

• It generates alarm when certain level is reached and also

plots the Process variable.

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 Merits of SCADA

• A rich functionality and extensive development facilities.

• The amount of specific development that needs to be

performed by the end-user is limited, especially with
suitable engineering.

• Reliability and robustness.

• Integration of various field components.

• Technical support and maintenance by the vendor.

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 Applications of SCADA
SCADA is used as a
• control mechanism for Chemical plants, electricity
generation, electric power transmission, electricity
distribution, water distribution networks.

• Control mechanisms in process control.

• Space Stations in order to monitor & control.

• Cellular SCADA network using UNICORN IP.

• Environmental and Agricultural monitoring system.

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 Summary

We have discussed about

SCADA Components
• HMI

• MTU

• RTU

• Communication between MTU &RTU& field

devices

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 Summary

• Soft wares used in SCADA

• Applications of SCADA

• Merits of SCADA

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 Quiz

1. Winlog Pro HMI software was developed by

(a) SIEMENS

(b) ALLEN BRADLY

(c) NONE

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 Quiz

2. RS view Software Developed By

(a) SIEMENS

(b) ALLEN BRADLY

(c) NONE

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 Quiz

1. Some of the communication protocols

used______

Ans: RS232,RS422 ,MODbus ..

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 Quiz

2. Acronym of HMI _______________

Ans: Human Machine Interface.

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the function of master station

3. Explain the communication between MTU and RTU

3. What are points that are used in database of SCADA

4. List the merits of SCADA?

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