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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Sri. E. BABU
Designation : Lecturer
Branch: : Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
Institute : S.G.P.R.Govt.polytechnic,kurnool.
Year/Semester : VI Semester.
Subject : IE , PLC AND SCADA .
Subject code : AEI-602.
Topic : SCADA.
Duration : 100 mts.
Sub Topic : Interface SCADA with PLC
Teaching Aids : Diagrams.

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Objectives
On the completion of this topic, you would be
able to know about

•Standard protocols

–RS-232

–RS-485

–PROFI bus

–MOD bus

–CAN bus

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Need for interfacing

• SCADA collects process data from PLC

• SCADA sends set points to PLC

• There should be a communication path between these

• Appropriate standard should be used

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Protocols
The general communication standard protocols used in
data communication are as follows.
• RS-232

• RS-422,RS-485

• MOD bus

• PROFI bus

• CAN bus

The above communication protocols are also used in


interfacing PLC with SCADA

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RS-232

• RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard


for serial binary data signals connecting between a
DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data
Communication Equipment).

• It is commonly used in computer serial ports.

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Features of RS-232
• Used in Point-to-point communication.

• Suitable for serial, binary and digital data communication.

• Unbalanced lines – Single-ended. Signal applied to one


line and referenced to ground.

• Most common use as a communication device for a Serial

port of the PC and peripherals.

• It is not intended for single point.


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Features of RS-232…

• In RS-232, data is sent as a time-series of bits. Both


synchronous and asynchronous transmissions are
supported by the standard.
• In addition to the data circuits, the standard defines a
number of control signals used to manage the connection
between the DTE and DCE.
• Each data or control signal only operates in one direction,
that is, signaling from a DTE to the attached DCE or the
reverse.
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RS 232
VIN

GND
UNBALANCED (SINGLE-ENDED)
RECEIVER MEASURES
VIN TO GND

Fig 1.

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Voltage levels

• The RS-232 standard defines the voltage levels that


correspond to logical one and logical zero levels. Valid

signals are (plus or minus) ± 3 to +15 volts.

• The range near zero volts is not a valid RS-232level; logic


one is defined as a negative voltage.

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Voltage levels…

• Logic zero is positive, the signal condition is spacing,

and has the function ON. The standard specifies a

maximum open-circuit voltage of 25 volts; signal levels

of ±5 V,±10 V,±12 V, and ±15 V are all commonly

seen depending on the power supplies available within a

device.

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Commonly-used signals

• Transmitted Data (TxD): Data sent from DTE to DCE

• Received Data (RxD): Data sent from DCE to DTE.

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Commonly-used signals…
• Request to send(RTS) : Asserted (set to 0) by DTE to
prepare DCE to receive data. This may require action
on the part of the DCE, e.g. transmitting a carrier or
reversing the direction.

• Clear To Send (CTS): Asserted by DCE to


acknowledge RTS and allow DTE to transmit.

• Data Terminal Ready (DTR): Asserted by DTE to


indicate that it is ready to be connected.

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Commonly-used signals…

• If the DCE is a modem, this may "wake up" the modem,


bringing it out of a power saving mode.

• When this signal is de-asserted, the modem may return


to its standby mode, immediately hanging up any calls
in progress.

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Commonly-used signals…

Data Set Ready (DSR)

• Asserted by DCE to indicate an active connection.

Data Carrier Detect (DCD)

• Asserted by DCE when a connection has been


established with remote equipment.

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Commonly-used signals…
Ring Indicator (RI)

• Asserted by DCE when it detects a ring signal from the


telephone line.

• The standard defines RTS/CTS as the signaling


protocol for flow control for data transmitted from DTE
to DCE. The standard has no provision for flow control
in the other direction.

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Typical RS-232 Applications

• PC’s and Laptops.

• Point of Sales Equipment (POS).

• PDA’s and GPS’s.

• PC Peripherals (printers, faxes, mouse,…..).

• Cell Phones.

• Network Hubs, Bridges, and Routers.


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Limitations

• Intended to short distances.

• Not compatible for multi drop communication.

• Susceptible to noise due to single ended connection.

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RS-485 Standard

• EIA-485 (formerly RS-485 or RS485) is an OSI model


physical layer electrical specification of a two-wire, half-
duplex, multipoint serial connection.

• The standard specifies a differential form of signaling.

• The difference between the wires’ voltages is what conveys


the data.

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RS-485 Standard…

• The difference of potential must be at least 0.2 volts for


valid operation, but any applied voltages between +12 V
and -7 volts will allow correct operation of the receiver.

• EIA-485 enables the configuration of inexpensive local


networks and multi-drop communications links .

• It offers high data transmission speeds (35 Mbps up to


10 meters and 100 Kbps at 1200 meters).

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Uses of EIA-485

• EIA-485 is often used with common UARTs to implement


low-speed data communications in commercial aircraft
cabins.
• EIA-485 also sees some use in programmable logic
controllers and on factory floors in order to implement
proprietary data communications.
• Since it is differential, it resists electromagnetic
interference from motors and welding equipment.
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Uses of EIA-485…

• EIA-485 also is used in building automation as the

simple bus wiring and long cable length is ideal for

joining remote devices.

• EIA-485 is used in large sound systems, as found

at music events and theatre productions.

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RS-485 Standard…

• Since it uses a differential balanced line over twisted


pair (like EIA-422), it can span relatively large distances
(up to 4000 feet or just over 1200 meters).

• EIA-485, like EIA-422 can be made full-duplex by using four


wires.

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RS-485 Standard…

A VA

VB
B

GND
BALANCED (DIFFERENTIAL)
RECEIVER MEASURES
VA - VB

Fig.1

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RS-485 Advantage over RS-232

• Low Cost : RS-485 requires a single 5 V


supply. RS-232 requires multiple supplies(5V, +/-12V).

• Networkability: RS-485 is multi-drop interface(max 256


nodes). RS-232 is point-to-point (max 2 devices).

• Long cable lengths: RS-485 max cable length is 4000ft.


RS-232 limit to 50 –100 ft.

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PROFIBUS

• PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) is a standard for field


bus communication in automation technology.

• There are two variations of PROFIBUS,where by DP is


used most often.

• PROFIBUS DP (Decentralized Peripherals) is used to


operate sensors and actuators via a centralized controller
in production technology.

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PROFIBUS…
• Data rates up to 12 Mbps on twisted pair cables

or fiber optics are possible.

• PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation) is used to

monitor measuring equipment via a process control

system in process engineering.

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MOD bus…

• Mod bus is a serial communications protocol developed

by Modicon for use with its programmable logic

controllers (PLCs).
• Mod bus allows for communication between many

devices connected to the same network, for example

a system that measures temperature and humidity

and communicates the results to a computer.

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MOD bus…

• Mod bus is often used to connect a supervisory computer


with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in supervisory control and
data acquisition (SCADA).
• Each device intended to communicate using Mod bus is
given a unique address.
• Any device can send out a Mod bus command, although
usually only one master device does so.

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MOD bus
• A Mod bus command contains the Mod bus address of
the device it is intended for. Only the intended device
will act on the command, even though other devices
might receive it.

• All Mod bus commands contain checking information, ensuring


that a command arrives undamaged.

• The basic Mod bus commands can instruct an RTU to change


a value in one of its registers, as well as commanding the
device to send back one or more values contained in its
registers

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MOD bus protocols

• Mod bus RTU is a compact, binary representation of the


data.

• Mod bus ASCII is human readable, and more verbose.


Both of these variants use serial communication.

• The RTU format follows the commands / data with a


cyclic redundancy check checksum, while the ASCII
format uses a longitudinal redundancy check (LRC).

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MOD bus protocols…

• For connections over TCP/IP (e.g. Ethernet), the more


recent variant Mod bus / TCP exists.
• It is easier to implement than Mod bus/ASCII or Mod bus /
RTU because it does not require a checksum calculation.
• Data model and function calls are identical for all three
communication protocols; only the encapsulation

is different.

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CAN bus

• Controller Area Network (CAN or CAN-bus) is a computer


network protocol and bus standard designed to allow
microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other
and without a host computer.

• CAN provides two communication services -The sending of a


message (data frame transmission) and the requesting of a
message (remote transmission request, RTR).

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CAN bus…

• CAN provides a multi-master hierarchy, which allows


building intelligent and redundant systems.

• A sender of information transmits to all devices on the


bus. All receiving devices read the message and then
decide if it is relevant to them.

• sophisticated error detecting mechanisms and


re-transmission of faulty messages.

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CAN bus…

• The devices that are connected by a CAN network are


typically sensors, actuators and control devices.

• A CAN message never reaches these devices directly,


but instead a host-processor and a CAN Controller is
needed between these devices and the bus.

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CAN bus – Advantages

• Is capable of providing real-time Communication.

• Uses error correction and confinement, greatly helpful in


noise-critical environments.

• Uses a lossless, bitwise arbitration scheme.

• High Speeds at Low-Cost.

• Suitability for small networks.

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Summary

We have discussed about

• Standard protocols

• RS-232
• RS-485

• PROFI bus

• MOD bus

• CAN bus

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Quiz

1.RS-485 requires how many volts supply?

a) 5v

b)10v

c) multiple supplies(5V, +/-12V)

d) none.

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Quiz

2.Valid signals for RS-232 is

a) ±2 to 20 V

b) ±3 to 15 V

c) ± 3 to 20V

d) 20 mA

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Quiz
3. RS-485 requires ________ volts supply for its

operation.

a) 5v

b)10v

c) multiple supplies(5V, +/-12V)

d) none

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Quiz

4. How many protocols can be used in MOD


bus?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) none

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Quiz

5. Acronym of CAN

a) Computer Area Network

b) Controller Area Network

c) Computer Application Network

d) Controller Application Network

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the operation of RS-232?

3. Explain about RS-485?

5. List merits of RS-485 over RS-232.

7. Explain about PROFI bus?

9. Explain about MOD bus ?

11. Explain about CAN bus?

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