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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : M.Vani
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : AEI
Institution : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar GMRP,KNR
Year/Sem : III-sem
Subject : Process Instrumentation-I
Subject code : AEI-305
Topic : Fundamentals of Instrumentation
Duration : 100 mts
Sub topic : Accuracy, Precision & Linearity
Teaching aids : ppt, visulas
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Objectives

Upon completion of this topic, you will be able to


know about

• Accuracy

• Precision

• Linearity

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Accuracy
• It is the closeness with which an instrument reading
approaches the true value of the variable being measured.

• Thus accuracy of a measurement means conformity to


truth.

• It also refers to the degree of closeness to the true value of


the quantity under measurement.

• Accuracy is influenced by static error, dynamic error,


drift, reproducibility, nonlinearity.

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Precision

• It is a measure of the reproducibility of the instrument

• Precision is the ability of the instrument to reproduce a


certain set of readings within a given accuracy

• That is, given a fixed value of a variable, precision is a


measure of the degree to which successive measurements
differ from one another.

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Characteristics

Precision of an instrument depends on

• Repeatability.
• Factor that cause random or accidental error.

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Accuracy Vs Precision
• Accuracy represents the degree of closeness of the
measured value with respect to the true value.

• Precision represents degree of repeatability of several


independent measurements of the desired input at the
same reference conditions.

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Example 1:

• The person hits all the bullets on the target plate on the
outer circle and misses the bull’s eye

• This is the case of high precision but poor accuracy .

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Example 2 :

• The bullets hits are placed symmetrically with respect to the


bull's eye but are not spaced closely.

• This is the case of good average accuracy but poor


precision.

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Example 3

• All the bullets hit the bull’s eye and are also spaced closely.

• This is the case of high accuracy and high precision.

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Example 4

• The bullets hit the target plate in a random manner.



• This is the case of poor precision and poor accuracy.

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Linearity

Definition

It is defined as the ability to reproduce the input characteristics


symmetrically.

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Linearity characteristics

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Equation :
Linearity can be expressed by the equation

y = m x +c

where y = output

x = input

m = slope

c = intercept

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Types of linearity

Linearity

Theoretical slope linearity Terminal linearity Independent linearity End point linearity

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Theoretical slope linearity

• It is referred to a straight line between theoretical end


points without referring to measured values

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Terminal Linearity

• It is the linearity for which the theoretical end points are


0% & 100% of the full-scale output

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Independent Linearity

• It is referred to the best straight line.

• A line which is at the mid way between the closest possible


two parallel lines, which consists of all the output values.

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End Point Linearity

It is referred to the straight line between the experimental


end points

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Summary

In this class we have discussed about


• Accuracy

• Precision

• Linearity

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Quiz
• The ability to reproduce the input characteristics
symmetrically is known as

a. Error

b. Linearity

c. Accuracy

d. None

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Quiz

• Degree of closeness to the true value of quantity under


measurement is known as

a. Precision

b. Linearity

c. Accuracy

d. none

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THANK YOU

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