DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : M.Vani
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : AEI
Institution : Dr.B.R.Ambedkar GMRP, KNR
Year/sem : Third
Subject : Process Instrumentation-1
Subject code : AEI-305
Duration : 50 minutes
Teaching aids : ppt

AEI 305.9 1
 Objectives

On completion of this topic you will be able to

know about

• Hysteresis

• Resolution

• Scale readability

• Threshold

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 Hysteresis

• When a device is used to measure any

parameters, First for increasing values of
measurand, Then for decreasing values of
measurand The two output readings obtained
usually differ from each other.

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 Hysteresis

• The maximum difference in any part of output readings

so obtained during any calibration cycle is called
“hysteresis”.

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Hysteresis graph

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 Hysteresis

Hysteresis error can be reduced by:

• Proper design

• Selection of the mechanical components

• Providing suitable heat treatment to materials

• Introducing greater flexibility

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 Resolution

• Ability of a measuring system to discriminate

between nearly equal values.

OR

• The difference between two i/p values of the measured

quantity with smallest changes in the o/p.

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• If the input to an instrument is slowly increased from
some arbitrary (Non-Zero) input value, it will be
observed tat the output does not change until a
certain definite input increment is exceeded.

• The increment is termed as resolution

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 Scale Readability

• It is a characteristics that depends on both the instrument

and observer.

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 Scale Readability
Example,

• In analog meters, the factors depend upon the scale

marking and the thickness of the deflection pointer.

• In digital meter, the LSB gives the measure of scale

readability.

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 Threshold

• If the instrument input is gradually increasing from zero,

there will be some minimum value blow which no output

change can be observed or detected

• This minimum value defines the threshold of the instrument

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 Difference between resolution and
Threshold

Resolution is the smallest measurable input change

Threshold is the smallest measurable input

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 Summary

In this class we have discussed about:

• Hysterisis

• Resolution

• Scale readability

• Threshold

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 Quiz

1) The smallest measurable input change is

a) Hysteresis

c) Threshold

e) Resolution

g) None

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2) The smallest measurable input is

a) Resolution

c) Threshold

e) Hysteresis

g) None

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 Frequently asked questions

1. Define hysteresis.

3. How can we reduce the hysterisis error.

5. Define scale readability.

 Define threshold.

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