DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.Ravinder
Designation : H.E.I.E.S
Branch :Applied Elect.&Instru. Engg.
Institute : GPT Bellampally.
Year/semester : III Semester
Subject : Process Instrumentation-I
Subject code : AEI-305.
Topic : Temperature measurement (3/5)
Duration : 50 min.
Sub topic : Solid state Sensors(14/20)
Teaching aids : Diagrams

AEI-305.49 1
 Objectives

Upon Completion of this topic you would be

able to know about
Solid State Sensors
• Principle of operation
• Range of temperature
• Advantages & Disadvantage

AEI-305.49 2
 Recap

In the last class we have discussed about

• Importance of temperature measurement

• Expansion types of thermometers
• Electrical types of thermometers
• Radiation types of thermometers

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 Solid State Sensors

• Solid state can be used as Temperature measuring

devices
• The following are solid state sensors
-Semiconductor diode
-Transistor
-Integrated circuit
-LM 335
-AD 590

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Visuals of Semiconductor Thermometer

Fig 1
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Forward bias characteristics of silicon diode

Fig 2 AEI-305.49 6
 Forward biased of silicon diode

• At voltage below Vf the forward conduction voltage

virtually no current flow
• Above Vf the diode pass current
• The voltage Vf represent energy required by current
carrier to cross the junction space change
• The value of Vf varies between diode type
• Its Value 700 milli volts at 20°c.
• The voltage Vf as temperature coefficient for all silicon
device -2mv per degree Celsius

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 Range of Temperature

• The forward voltage against temperature characteristics

is very linear over the temperature range of -50°C -
150°C

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 Temperature sensing integrated circuit

• The measuring diode is incorporated in integrated circuit

containing amplifier circuit
• Devices are available either to provide an
Output current proportional to temperature
(or)
Output Voltage proportional to temperature.
• Temperature is sensed by the emitter base junction of two
transistors
• Two identical Transistors are operated at a constant ratio
are of the collector current density

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Temperature characteristics of silicon diode

Fig 3
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 Expression

The difference in Vt in their base emitter voltage

Vt = KT/q ln r
where
K is boltzman constant (1.38 X 10-23 J/K)
q is the electron charge(1.6 X10-19 coulomb)
T is temperature in Kevin

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 Advantages

• Ability to produce electrical signal which faithfully

measures indent photon flux
• Continuous temperature measurement without contact
• High accuracy particularly at cryogenic temperature

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 Disadvantages

• Limited temperature range

• They require an external power supply (4 to30v)
• They are fragile and subjected to errors due to self
heating.

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 Applications

IC sensors are used in the

• HVDC industry
(heating,ventilation,and air conditioning)
• low cost applications & limited range

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 Summary

We have discussed about

Solid State Sensors
• Principle of operation
• Range of temperature
• Advantages & Disadvantages

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QUIZ

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 Quiz

1.Which IC is used as temperature sensor

a) LM 741 b) 555 IC

c) AD 590 d) 565

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the operation of solid sensor

2. List the advantages and disadvantages of

semiconductor thermometer

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