DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : B.Balaji
Designation : HAEIE
Branch : Applied Electronics & Instrumentation
Institute : Govt polytechnic for Minorities, Guntur
Semester : III Semester
Subject : Process Instrumentation – I
Subject code : AEI-305
Topic : pH Measurement
Duration : 50 Mts
Sub Topic : Effect of temperature on PH
Teaching Aids : Diagrams

AEI 305.61 1
 Recap

In last class we have discussed about

• Construction of measuring electrode

AEI 305.61 2
 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be

able to know :

• The effect of temperature on pH

AEI 305.61 3
 Effect of Temperature on pH

When temperature changes

• Dissociation constant (Product of [ H+][OH-])

changes hence pH changes

• Change of dissociation constant varies from solution

to solution

• Change of pH due to change in dissociation

constant cannot be compensated
AEI 305.61 4
 Temperature changes
• Resistance of measuring electrode (glass electrode) will
change
• As Temperature increases ,resistance across the glass
bulb decrease
• Electrode resistance drops ten-fold for every 30oC rise in
temperature
• Ex:- An electrode with 100MΩ resistance at 25oC will
decreases to 10MΩ at 55oC
• Due to change of resistance the measuring electrode
between two electrodes Potential difference changes
hence pH changes
AEI 305.61 5
 pH Temperature Slope

• Acids = Positive mV Signal

500 • Base = Negative mV Signal
400
• 7.0 pH = 0 mV Output
300

200 • Sensor Output Changes with

100 Temperature
mV

0
– 0o C ~ 54.2 mV/pH
-100
0

12

14
10

-200 – 25oC ~ 59.2 mV/pH

-300
– 50oC ~ 64.1 mV/pH
-400

-500
• Sensor Output is Corrected to
pH 25oC with Automatic
0C 25C 50C
Temperature Compensation

Fig. 1 AEI 305.61 6

 Temperature Affects pH Electrode
Response Time
• pH Glass Electrode Impedance is
10,000
approximately 100 MegOhms @
M
e 1,000 25oC
g • For approximately every 8oC Step
o 100
h
Change from 25oC the pH Glass
m 10 Impedance Doubles or Halves
s
• > 25oC Faster Response
1
-5C 3C 11C 17C 25C 33C 41C 49C 57C 65C 73C
• < 25o
C Slower Response
– >1000 MegOhms pH Generally
Fig. 2
Becomes Inoperable
AEI 305.61 7
PH Electrode Life is Temperature Dependent

14 • Typical pH Electrode Life is 12

- 18 Months
12
M
10
• Life is Reduced
o Approximately 50% for Every
n 8
25oC Increase in Operating
t 6
h
Temperature
4
s • Recommendations
2
– Sample Cooling
0
– Intermittent vs Continuous
25C 50C 75C 100C 125C
Measurement
Temperature
Fig. 3
AEI 305.61 8
 Nernst Equation

The relation ship between pH and EMF is given by nernst

equation

E = Eo - 2.3 RT (pH) /F
E = Total potential between electrodes (mv)
Eo = Standard potential
2.3RT/F = Nernst Factor
= 59.16mv at 25oC

AEI 305.61 9
 Nernst
Equation…
T = Absolute Temp (Kelvin)

F = Faraday’s constant (coulombs / mole)

R = Universal gas constant

R and F are constants

• As Temperature changes potential between electrodes

changes hence pH changes

AEI 305.61 10
Graph showing relation between pH and
Electrode Potential

Fig. 4
AEI 305.61 11
 Summary

In this period, you have learnt about :

• Temperature changes resistance of glass electrode

changes

• Temperature changes dissociation constant changes

• Temperature changes EMF between electrodes changes

AEI 305.61 12
 Quiz

1. Temperature increases the resistance across the

glass bulb

(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Constant
(d) None of the above

AEI 305.61 13
 Frequently asked questions

1) Explain the effect of temperature on pH

AEI 305.61 14