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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : D. Simhachalam
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institute : K.D.R.G.P.T, Wanaparthy.
Semester : III
Subject : Process Instrumentation-I
Subject code : AEI-305
Topic : Conductivity, Weight and Humidity
Measurement
Duration : 100 minutes

Subtopic : Conductivity compensatory


Teaching Aids : PPTS, animations, Diagrams
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Objectives

Upon completion of this topic, student will be


able to know about

• Description of principle of conductivity compensatory

• Principle of temperature control

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Recap

In last class we have studied about

• Principle of measurement of conductivity.

• And also we have seen some practical equipment for


conductivity measurement.

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Description

• The electrodes in the cell are not exactly one cm apart

• And may not have surface area of one sq. cm.

• Thus the value of observed conductivity is not equal to


specific conductivity.

• But proportional to it.

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Description

• It is important to calculate a factor for the conductivity


cell, known as cell constant.

• This cell constant (K) is a function of

a) The electrode areas,

b) The distance between the electrodes

c) The electrical field pattern between the


electrodes.

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Description

• Cell constant (k) must be multiplied by the observed

conductance to obtain the actual conductivity reading.

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Example

For example

• For an observed conductance reading of 200 µS using a


cell with K = 0.1,

• Then, the conductivity value is 200 x 0. 1 = 20 µS/cm.

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Equation

• We know that

R = ρd/A
Where,
R is a resistance
ρ is a specific resistivity
d is a distance between the electrodes
A is a surface area

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Derivation

R = ρK
where
K = d/A
= cell constant

• The cell constant is defined as the ratio of the distance


between the electrodes d, to the electrode area A.

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Derivation
or
K = cell constant
1
observed conductivity
= R/ρ = 1
specific conductivity
or specific conductivity =
cell constant X observed conductivity

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Description

• The cell constant is determined by substituting the value


of specific conductivity of N/50 KCl solution at 25°C.

• This value was found to be 0.002765 mhos.

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Description

• The value of conductivity is then observed with the given


cell using N/50 KCl solution.

• The cell constant is then calculated as

cell constant = 0.002765/ observed conductivity

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Temperature control

• The temperature coefficient for conductance is about


2%/°C

• So some temperature control is essential during


measurement.

• Immerse the cell in a large bath of water or oil


maintained at room temperature

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Change in Temperature Slope/oC

8
7
Temperature Slope

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 10 20 25 30 40 50 75 100
Temperature

Ultra Pure Water Sodium Chloride

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Summary

We have discussed about

• Description of principle of conductivity compensatory

• Principle of temperature control

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QUIZ

1. Why the value of observed conductivity is not


equal to specific conductivity because of the

b) Distance between the electrodes are not 1cm


c) Electrodes may not have the surface area 1 sq.cm
d) Both a) & b)
e) None

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1. Cell constant is to be calculated for compensating
a) Temperature
b) Observed Conductivity
c) Specific Conductivity
d) None

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1. The cell constant is defined as

a) d/A

b) A/d

c) A*d

d) None

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1. To maintain temperature constant during experiment,
where to immerse the cell?

• Large bath of water


• Large bath of oil
• Both a) & b)
• None

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Frequently asked questions

2. Describe the principle of conductivity compensatory

4. Define cell constant.

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