Everything about Temperature.

What is temperature?
Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlines the common notions of hot and cold. Specifically, temperature is a property of matter. Temperature is a degree of hotness or coldness that can be measured using a thermometer.

Temperature is one of the principal of thermo. On the microscopic scale, temperature is defined as the average energy of microscopic motions of a single particle in the system per degree of freedom. On the macroscopic scale, temperature of the unique physical property that determines the direction of heat flow between two objects placed in thermal contact.

Its also measure of how fast the atoms and molecules of a substance are moving. Temperature is measured in degrees on the Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin scales. A map of mean temperature as a function of location.

Water freezes at 0oC. the frost shown here is at -17o

What is thermometer?

A clinical mercury thermometer.

A thermometer is an instrument that measures the temperature of a system in a quantitative way. The easiest way to do this is to find a substance having a property that change in a regular way with its temperature. The most direct 'regular' way is a linear one: t(x) = ax + b, where t is the temperature of the substance and changes as the property x of the substance changes.

The constants a and b depend on the substance used and may be evaluated by specifying two temperature points on the scale, such as 32 for the freezing point of water and 212 for its boiling point. For example, the element mercury is liquid in the temperature range of -38.9 C to 356.7 C. As a liquid, mercury expands as it gets warmer, its expansion rate is linear and can be accurately calibrated.

Temperature plays an important role in almost all fields of science, including physics, geology, chemistry, and biology. Many physical properties of materials including the phase, density, solubility, vapor pressure, and electrical conductivity depend on the temperature. Temperature also plays an important role in determining the rate and extent to which chemical reactions occur. This is one reason why the human body has several elaborate mechanisms for maintaining the temperature at 37 C.

The role of temperature in nature.

Units of temperature.
The basic unit of temperature (symbol: T) in the International System of Units (SI) is the Kelvin (Symbol: K). The Kelvin and Celsius scales are, by international agreement, defined by two points: absolute zero, and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (water specially prepared with a specified blend of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes).

Absolute zero is defined as being precisely 0 K and 273.15 C. Absolute zero is where all kinetic motion in the particles comprising matter ceases and they are at complete rest in the classic sense. At absolute zero, matter contains no thermal energy. Also, the triple point of water is defined as being precisely 273.16 K and 0.01 C.

Prepared by Chortonova Begimay 10 A