EFFECT OF REAR END TAPER ON DRAG Click to edit Master subtitle style FOR A BLUFF BODY

THARANGA JAYATHUNGA SID: 3601183

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INTRODUCTION

Aerodynamics is the analysis regarding the air flow around a body.

Aerodynamic

drag force has a direct effect on the fuel

consumption and maximum speed.

Drag

coefficient (CD) is one of the governing factor on

the drag force and depends on the body shape.

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INTRODUCTION
Body Air

shape of a vehicle is aerodynamically bluff.

flow separation is occurring at the rear end of the

vehicle.
There

is a developed adverse pressure gradient at the

back.
This

is the cause for the pressure drag.

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INTRODUCTION
Degree

of taper at the rear end affect the drag force.

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INTRODUCTION
Rear

and taper and boat tailing are drag reduction methods.

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RESEARCH TOPIC
Aim

of the research is to generate an understanding of

interaction of side boat tailing and end taper on the drag of a bluff body.

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METHODOLOGY
CFD

simulations was performed and Star CCM+

software Version 6.04.014.

A.

Ahmed model and Windsor model tested for validation.

B.

Windsor models is tested for side boat tailing and end taper interaction.

C. D.

Detail optimization of Windsor model. Tested for theoretical best values for end taper and

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METHODOLOGY

Tapered length of the model.

Length ratio= Length of the tapered/Total length of the model Ratio used here is 0.2 (209mm).

CAD modeling.
CATIA version 5R20 is used for the CAD modeling. AhmedCAD.jpg Windsor CAD.jpg

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METHODOLOGY

Star CCM+ modeling.

Number of cells is around 1 million for every cases that are tested. Number of faces for each case kept around 300000. Mesh type is polyhedral. Prism layer mesh is used for the boundary layers and the thickness is

10mm.
K- model is used for the turbulence modelling. Number of iterations limit to 1000. Domainortho.jpg

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METHODOLOGY

Following table is showing all the combinations of side boat tailing and end taper, that are examined.

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RESULTS

CD

value obtained for the Ahmed model is 0.25.

AhmedCAD.jpg

CD

value obtained for the Windsor model is 0.295.

Windsor
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model is in the square back configuration.

RESULTS

CD for each configuration of the Windsor model.

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RESULTS

Largest value for CD obtained when the end taper angle 80 and side boat tail angle 80 (18% reduction).

S8T8_Vector

Scene 1.jpg

Wakeregion.jpg Windsor_Vector S8T8_Geometry stmlin2

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Scene 1.jpg Scene 6.jpg

- Copy.avi

RESULTS

Wake region is narrowed due to the geometry changes. in the near wake region are comparatively small. loss has been reduced by around 22% due to the changes. is a noticeable change in the free stagnation point. here. more orderly flow is obtained in

Vortices

Pressure There

Comparatively
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RESULTS

Figure shows the trend of variation of CD With Side boat tail angle for typical end taper angle.
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

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RESULTS

Starting from 00-80 CD is increased and after 80 CD getting reduced up to 200.

strmlineS8T20.jpg When the Slant angle increases strength in the 3D trailing vortices are becoming stronger.

In the far wake region there are two separate flows.

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DETAIL OPTIMIZATION
All

the edges as showing in the following figure

is rounded and CD value obtained is 92.

DEtailopt1.jpg Detailopt

CP.jpg

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RESULTS
For

the tapered length ratio 0.2 (209mm), end taper

angle 12.50 and side boat tail angle 100 obtained CD value is 49.
When

the tapered length change to 222mm CD

obtained is 54.

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CONCLUSIONS

CD value for the (square back) Windsor model is 0.295. Largest CD is obtained for the side boat tail angle 80 and end taper angle 80. CD value is 53.
Around 22% base pressure increase compare with square

back.
18% decrease in CD.

Theoretical optimum values for side boat tail end taper given CD value is 52.

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ratios of the boat tail and end taper have an effect on

CONCLUSIONS

Drag coefficient is influenced by after body rounding. After body rounding at the side boat tail and end taper 80 configuration gives 31% reduction in drag coefficient.

Aspect ratios of the boat tail and end taper have an effect on drag reduction.

Drag coefficient is influenced by after body rounding. Body rounding at the side boat tail and end taper 80 configuration gives 31% reduction in drag coefficient.

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Click to edit Master subtitle style

THANK YOU

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