24 HOUR CLOCK TIMER USING MICROCONTROLLER (USING 89c2051)

GENERAL DISCRIPTION
4

Digit 7 Segment 24 hours Clock Timer Is Used For Control Of Any Application. On Time & Off Time Through This Project. Require only 3v Battery Back Up.

You Can Program Both

It

Is Suitable For Switching Loads Upto 500W. The 7-segment display shows the time.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Display

type - 4 Digit 7 Segment LED

Display Operating voltage - 230V AC Max. Timing setting - 24hour(only for hours & minutes) Battery back up - 3V only (1.5V x 2) Output load - 230V AC / 500W

CIRCUIT EXPLAINATION
P10-P1.7 drives 7-segment common anode LED

display

with sink current. P3.0-P3.3 drives a base pin of 4-PNP transistor, BC557 with sink current. 2-digit LED connected to P3.2 and P3.3 is rotated 180 degrees to the 1st allowing for 1 second blinking. During display and key switch scanning, a logic '0' is shifted from P3.0 to P3.3. Diodes D1-4 Form A Bridge Rectifier, Which Converts The AC Input Voltage Into A DC Level.

PART (COMPONENTS) LIST

R1 TO R8 - 220E R9 - 10K R10 TO R14 - 4K7 C1 - 1000UF / 16V C2, C3 - 10UF / 16V C4, C5 - 33PF DISK Y1 - 11.0592MHZ CRYSTAL Q1 - BC547 Q2 TO Q5 - BC557 U1 - LM7805 U2 - AT89C2051 D1 TO D7 - IN4007 DIODE RL1 - 12V / 1CO RELAY SW1 TO SW4 - PCB MOUNT PUSH ON SWITCH DIS1 TO DIS4 - COMMON ANODE LED DISPLAY 1nos - 12V / 250MA TRANSFORMER 1nos - 20PIN IC SOCKET

PART (COMPONENTS) EXPLANATION

1] 89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K Bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology.

2] 12V Relay It closes the voltage less point of contact while the timer works to control the equipment outside. 3] LM7805 (3 TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATER) 3 terminal Positive Voltage regulator. This is used to make the stable voltage of +5V for micro controller. It employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible.

In Dark Room The mirrored photocopy of layout taken from eagle software is used to produce negative film. The film is cut using red lamp as per the artwork or layout. This film is exposed to light using IX Contactor negative maker machine for 5 seconds and now the negative is ready. In Yellow Room In a Photo-resist Dip coater photo-resist is applied using dip coating process and continued till photo-resist is uniformly applied. This process is to be strictly carried out in yellow light. After coating the laminate is dried up in photo-resist dryer machine for 5 minutes.

PCB making

Etching This is most important and critical step in chemical processing. This operation aims at chemical removal or etching of unwanted copper portion from the board. Etching takes about 5 to 6 minutes; after etching the board is washed in running water and then dried. Drilling Drilling of PCB is done for making holes on the conductor pattern for inserting component leads to the solder side PCB. Soldering It is done with a solder iron and a solder wire, the iron type material is soldered on the ends of the components which are mounted on PCB. And then the end of the soldered component is cut off with a cutter.

PCB MOUNTING
PCB FOR MOUNTING MICROCONTROLLER PCB for mounting seven segment LED display

Programming Microcontrollers
   

Machine/Assembly language Interpreters (Java, ...) Compilers (C, C++, ...) Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks

Conclusion and Future Scope



We have seen the 24 hours timer which can be used in an industry for use as timer. The military operates off a 24-hour clock, beginning at midnight (which is 0000 hours). So, 1:00 AM is 0100 hours, 2:00 AM is 0200 hours, and so-on up until 11:00 PM which is 2300 hours.

Our project can also be used in household electronic appliances to control the routine process.
  

Appliances (microwave oven, refrigerators,..) Computers and computer equipment (laser printers,..) Automobiles (engine control,..),etc...