TOPICS:

y Nanotechnology y Chemi - Nanotechnology y Scope of Nanotech in Chemical Engineering  Heat transfer  Adsorption  Catalysis  Thermal insulation  Lubrication y Conclusion

Nanotechnology
y Definition

y Properties

y Implications

A few applications:
y Nanoflies y Copper y Melting point of gold y Aluminum

Chemi Nanotechnology
y What is Chemi nanotechnology?

y What chemical changes occur at nanoscale?

y How are these changes helpful?

Scope of Nanotechnology in fields like:

y Heat transfer y Adsorption y Catalysis y Thermal insulation y Lubrication

Heat transfer:
y Definition

y Importance of heat transfer in industries

y Nanotechnological heat transfer  Nanostructure coatings

Nanoscale-level coating of zinc oxide on copper plate:

Here is the combination of nanostructure on microstructure that have the potential of heat transfer which is much more efficient than any thing we have had before.

Adsorption:
Zeolite is micro porous aluminosilicate mineral(commercial adsorbent) Precise and uniform size Commonly used to remove metal ions from industrial effluents
molecular sieve

Disadvantage of using this bare molecular sieve

Alternative technique:

Result:
The above two equations result in the formation of an unique composite of MAGNETITE, ZEOLITE, and SILVER.

Catalysis:
y Corner stone to life of both biological plants and

chemical processes.

At present, these CNT/CNF have wide applications, hence using catalysis we can produce these carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers.

Mount Etna
The most active volcano in Europe,

standing 3326m(10910 ft) high During eruptions in 2002 and 2003, several million cubic meters of lava was ejected Lava contains 11 wt% of fe2o3 (iron oxide) As lava is very porous, the iron oxide CATALYSES lava to carbon nanotubes and fibers

Lab experiment:

This method of production of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers is very economical.

Thermal insulation:
y Thermal insulation is the basic

asset in all equipment used for processes in industries. y It prevents/inhibits heat transfer across the material.
Heat transfer :

y Conduction y Convection y Radiation

Nanoporous materials:
General theory
y Generally, in nanoporous

Knudsen effect
y As pore size is less than mean

materials such as gas and liquid, paths are present in between particles making a conduction path thereby facilitating thermal conduction between gases and liquids.

free path of liquid or gas, these liquid or gas molecules stick to solid part.
y Hence, thermal conductivity

through liquid or gas inside the material is eliminated.

Knudsen effect
The radiation effects are nullified by protection pores from UV rays. Exploiting this effect we can produce materials with very low thermal conductivity. Eg: nanoporous ceramics of alumina, mullite, zirconia, chromia, and silica.

temlated mesopores

Lubrication:
y Nanolubricants are generally

called as Nanolubs. y Enhances lubricating properties of oil and grease. y Wraps the moving parts with a tribofilm. y Reduces friction between moving parts, results in smoother ignition. y Improves fuel economy with lower emission of green house gases.

Test at FZG gear research centre:

The test was done by Dr. Adrian Oila of England. He observed that no wear damage occurred to the steel lubricate with Nanolubs powder with an optical microscope, while significant wear was observed for reference oil. Applications: y Anglo-American, one of the largest mining industry in world begun to use Nanolubs in its heavy mining equipment in Chile. y Nanolubs are distributed world wide by local agents.

Conclusion:
We conclude that Nanotechnological applications in the field of chemical engineering in the past few decades have grown exponentially. In the nanoworld ,chemical reactions can occur much more quickly, electrons move faster, heat is conducted much better, batteries can last longer without being charged. The materials are also much stronger. Nanotechnology, as a scientific and technological thrust encompasses the best of many opportunities available to the scientific, engineering and industrial communities.