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Reading: Chap. 13
• Definition
• Equipment
• Packing materials
• Design considerations:
– Mass balance
– High gas flow
– Mass flow
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• Concentrated systems
• HTU and NTU
Mist
Eliminator
Spray
nozzle Liquid
Spray
Packing
Packing
Liquid out
Gm1 + Lm 2 = Gm 2 + Lm1
Gm ( y1 − y2 ) = Lm ( x1 − x2 )
(for a dilute system)
Lm: molar liquid flow rate
Slope of Operating
Gm: molar gas flow rate Line = Lm/Gm
x: mole fraction of solute in pure liquid
y: mole fraction of solute in inert gas
11/21/08 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 6
Dirty air
Clean air
J ( = M / A) = k ( Ci − C )
mass
J: flux (
area × time
)
1 / k + H / k p* = HC L
(overall gas phase MT coefficient) G L (equivalent pressure to the
bulk concentration in liquid)
2 Macroscopic analysis of a packed tower
Mole balance on the solute over the
differential volume of tower
accumulation = flow of solute in
of solute minus flow out
dy dx L’m: molar flux
0 = −G 'm + L 'm of liquid
dz dz
G’m: molar flux
G 'm
⇒ x = x1 + ( y − y1 ) of gas
1 L 'm
11/21/08 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 12
Mole balance on the solute in the gas only
solute = solute flow in − solute lost
accumulation minus flow out by absorption
dy
0 = G 'm − K OG aP ( y − y*) a: packing area per volume
dz
Z G 'm y dy
⇒ Z = ∫ dz = ∫ y* = Hx
1
0 K aP y ( y − y *)
Z
(tower height) OG
1 1 y1 − Hx1
⇒Z = ln
K OG aP (1 / G 'm − H / L'm ) y Z − HxZ
G 'm 1 y1 − Hx1
= × ln
K OG aP (1 − HG 'm / L'm ) y Z − HxZ
HTU? NTU?
11/21/08 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 13
Mass balance x1, y1
L'm
y = y1 + ( x − x1 )
G 'm
Equilibrium
y* = Hx x 1, y 1*
G 'm y1 dy xZ, yZ
K OG aP ∫y Z ( y − y *)
Z=
xZ, yZ*
Alternative solution:
Z=
G 'm
×
y1 − y z
; ∆y LM =
( y − y )−(y
1
*
1 z − y *
z )
K OG aP ∆y LM y1 − y1*
ln
*
Assumptions for dilute/soluble systems? yz − yz
11/21/08 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 14
Pure amine 0.04% CO2
Lm = 0.46 gmole/s
Z G 'm 0 y1 dy
⇒Z =∫ dz = ∫ = HTU × NTU
0 K OG aP Z (1 − y ) ( y − y *)
y 2
G 'm0
HTU =
K OG aP
y1 dy
NTU = ∫
yZ (1 − y ) ( y − y*)
2
HTU