TYPES OF DIAGNOSIS

RUCHIKA GARG 080301232

WHAT IS DIAGNOSIS ?
It can be defined as recognition of a

disease or condition by its outward signs and symptoms It comprises of 4 main parts

1. 2. 3. 4.

Logics Analytics Experience Intuition

What is oral diagnosis ?

It is the systematic approach to identify oral

disease process based on the facts obtained

from case history , physical examination and

investigative procedures

What is Provisional Diagnosis ?

It is a clinical or tentative diagnosis that is
given after corroborating the facts recorded in history and findings of clinical

examination

Case history

Clinical examination

Provisional diagnosis

What is Differential Diagnosis ?

It refers to a list of conditions that resemble the

clinical diagnosis but differ from it by at least one feature

In this list each disease is considered as a

hypothetical diagnosis until the condition that most completely and accurately explains the abnormality

Investigative Diagnosis
The common methods are Hematological Biochemical

Radiological

Histopathological

Microbial

Hematological investigations
Patient presenting with h/o recurrent ulcers,bald tongue ,

angular cheilitis and pale gingiva

TESTS
Red blood cell count Hemoglobin

NORMAL VALUES
30,00,000 40,00,000 cell / cumm Males - 14-18 gm/dl Females - 12-16gm/dl

Serum iron
Ferritin Total iron binding capacity

Male - 65-176 g/dl Female - 50-17o g/dl

Male- 30-400 ng/ml Female- 15-200 ng/ml 250 370 g/dl

Biochemical investigations
Patient presenting with a family h/o diabetes , any infection

and may be aggressive periodontitis

TESTS
Specific gravity Glucose (threshold) Ketones

NORMAL VALUES
1.0003 1.030 180 mg/dl None

Radiological investigations
Patient presenting with h/o carious lesion & tenderness

on percussion

Patient presenting with multiple impacted teeth is

advised for an OPG

Histopathological investigations
Patient presenting with a non healing ulcer on lateral

border of tongue

Microbial investigations
Endodontists frequently advise preparation of smear from

paper points removed from root canals for evaluation of microbiologic status of canal prior to filling

Case history

Clinical examination

Final diagnosis

Investigations

What is final diagnosis ?

It is diagnosis arrived at after all the data

(history taking , clinical examination and investigations ) has been collected , analyzed and subjected to logical thought
It is also known as definitive diagnosis

They are of following 5 types

Comprehensive diagnosis
It is done for patients who have not been evaluated

previously and requests for total dental care

Its data reflects the patients initial status which serves

for comparison later in assessing treatment effectiveness

It protects the clinician by documenting the patients

status if treatment complications lead to accusations of sub standard care

It provides a sound diagnostic foundation for

comprehensive dental care

Recall diagnosis
It is done for patients who have been evaluated before and

the results of prior comprehensive diagnosis is available The goal is to identify conditions which have changed and supplement it to reflect the patients current status It can be of 2 types Asking patient for any changes repeating most of comprehensive dental diagnosis

It refamiliarizes the dentist with patients original

conditions and provides new findings for comparison

Diagnosis of a specific problem

It is done when the dentist is asked to provide an

opinion concerning a specific problem for recently evaluated patient

If diagnostic database is unavailable, significant part of

patient history and physical examination must be performed It is done by SOAP evaluation S subjective information or symptoms
O objective or physical findings A analysis or clinical impression P plan or recommended management

Emergency diagnosis
It is done to manage a chief complaint that requires

immediate attention
Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is sacrificed in interest

of providing attention to urgent problem

Clinician must determine from complaint the diagnostic

information needed to adequately evaluate & safely treat the problem

Screening diagnosis
It is done to answer a specific question about the patient
It is limited only to obtain information needed to answer

this question
The focus is on the specific disease which is undergoing

screening
Importance is to determine patients general dental

treatment & to arrange comprehensive dental diagnosis & treatment

Importance of diagnosis ?
1.

For planning the management of disease and its

follow ups
2. To understand the depth of disease and preventing

the spread of disease

3. Advising the patient regarding ideal diet , regimen

and other accessory management

4. For educating the patient regarding the cause ,

progress , outcome and provide advice in maintaining

health

5. Deciding the best way to treat the diseases. 6. In knowing the detailed health status of the patient for medico-legal cases 7.It is quite crucial for research and statistics

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