ABAP Training

ABAP Training
Odin Lee 6/2005
Business Consulting Services
Copyright IBM Corporation 2005
Agenda
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ABAP Program Flow ( 30 Mins )
ABAP Dictionary Data type ( 90 Mins )

ABAP Program ( 300 Mins )
ABAP Editor ( 30 Mins ) Selection Screen ( 90 Mins ) Query Database ( 90 Mins ) ABAP List ( 90 Mins )
Page 2
IBM / Wistron ERP Project
ABAP Program Flow

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Page 3
Client / Server Architecture
Page 4
Report Program Flow 1.Program Start
Program Start
Repository
Database Table
Page 5
2.System Load Program Context
Program Start
ABAP Program
Selection Screen
Repository
Data Objects
Database Table
ABAP Processing Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 6
3.Runtime System Sends Selection screen
Program Start
ABAP Program
Data Objects
Database Table
ABAP Runtime System
Page 7
4.Selection Screen Entries Insert into Data Object
Program
Start
ABAP Program
Data objects
Database Table
ABAP Runtime System
Page 8
5.Program Requests Data Record from Database
Program Start
ABAP Program
Data objects
Database Table
ABAP Runtime System
Page 9
6.Database Returns Data Record to Program
Program Program
ABAP Program ABAP Program
Start Start
Data objects Data objects
Database Database Table Table

ABAP Runtime System
Page 10
7.Runtime System Sends List
Program Start
ABAP Program
Data objects
Database Table
ABAP Runtime System
Page 11
ABAP Dictionary Data Type

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Page 12
Data Types
Page 13
Basic Types
Data Type Initial field length Valid field length Initial value Meaning
Numeric types I F P Character types C D N T 1 8 1 6 1 - 65535 8 1 - 65535 6 ' ' '00000000' '0 0' '000000' Text field (alphanumeric characters) Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD) Numeric text field (numeric characters) Time field (format: HHMMSS) 4 8 8 4 8 1 - 16 0 0 0 Integer (whole number) Floating point number Packed number
Hexadecimal type
X 1 1 - 65535 X'0 0' Hexadecimal field
Page 14
Packed Number
Declear length
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+ _
Output length no decimals

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 + _
Output length with decimals

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 . + _
Page 15
Global and Local Data Types

Types can be defined locally in a program or centrally in the Dictionary
Local Types in program: Technical Attributes Only ABAP Dictionary
ABAP Program ABAP Source Code Interface Subroutine
Global Types in ABAP Dictionary: Technical and Semantic Attribute
Page 16
ABAP Dictionary
Page 17
Function of ABAP Dictionary

Type definitions
Structure
DB objects
Table, View
DB table
Data elements
Table type
Services
Poss. values Screen F4 Help F1
Page 18
Database Object in the ABAP Dictionary

View
Objects are automatically Table 1 Table 2 created in the DB and adjusted to changes
ABAP Dictionary
Database
View
Table 1
Page 19
Table 2
Type Definition in the ABAP Dictionary

Address Book
Name Address Telephone
First name
Last name
Town
Address
Phone No.
ZIP
Town name
Street
House no.
There are three different type categories in the ABAP Dictionary: Data elements: Describe an elementary type by defining the data type, length and possibly decimal places. Structures: Consist of components that can have any type.
Table types: Describe the structure of an internal table.
Page 20
Internal table type
Page 21
Internal table type line type
table name structure name
Page 22
Internal table type table type
table access
Page 23
Internal table type - key
Page 24
Services of the ABAP Dictionary
Maintenance of flights
Carrier
LH
Flight number
F4
...
F1
Code of the flight connection
Code defining a flight connection between two cities, e.g. 0400 Frankfurt - New York.
Page 25
Linking to the Development and Runtime Environment

Development environment Screen Painter Reads structure of database objects
ABAP Editor
ABAP
Read type definitions Runtime environment Screen Interpreter Database interface
Dictionary
ABAP Interpreter
Page 26
Global Data Type-Using Data Element

Data Element: Field Label Input Field Technical Type Field Label Field Documentation (for F1 Help) Search Help (for F4 Help)
F1
Page 27
Finding ABAP Dictionary Types

DATA wa_carrid TYPE S_CARR_ID.
F1
Data element S_CARR_ID
Structure Type SBC405_S_SFLIGHT Fields Field type
CARRID CONNID ...
S_CARR_ID
Page 28
Local Data Types in Program

Help for Local Data Type Declaration
F1 TYPES Types:
<user_defined_type> TYPE <type>.
Help for Local Data Object Declaration Navigates to Local Data Type Declaration or ABAP Dictionary Type Declaration
F1 DATA DATA: <data_object> TYPE <type>. Double-Click
F1
Keyword Documentation for Built-In Types
Page 29
ABAP Editor
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Page 30
ABAP Editor
Page 31
Create a Report Program

1
3
Page 32
Comment and Chained Statement
REPORT yrep_create_01
. Comment
DATA wa_flight TYPE sflight. " work area for SFLIGHT * read data from DB table SFLIGHT Comment SELECT * FROM sflight INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight. NEW-LINE. WRITE : Chained Statement wa_flight-carrid, wa_flight-connid, wa_flight-fldate, wa_flight-seatsocc, wa_flight-seatsmax. ENDSELECT.
Page 33
Navigation in the Editor and Keyword Documention

REPORT yrep_create_01 DATA wa_flight LIKE sflight. .
Definition of Structure In the Program
SELECT * FROM sflight INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight. NEW-LINE. WRITE: wa_flight-carrid, wa_flight-connid, wa_flight-fldate, wa_flight-seatsocc, wa_flight-seatsmax. ENDSELECT.
Definition of Database Table in the ABAP Dictionary
Keyword Documentation
Page 34
Defining Data Object
<user-defined-type>. DATA: <varname> TYPE <ABAP-dictionary-type>.
ABAP Program
ABAP Dictionary
DATA: <varname>
LIKE <data-object>.
Reference Data Object

Page 35
Declaring Data Objects

ABAP Program carrid counter Data Element Tmp_carrid S_carr_id
DATA: Carrid
TYPE
s_carr_id, carr
counter TYPE I, Tmp_carrid LIKE carrid.
ABAP Basic Type
Data Object
Page 36
Literals and Constants

CONSTANTS <constants> TYPE <type> VALUE <literal>.
CONSTANTS:
C_PI C_NAME(4)
TYPE P DECIMALS 4
VALUE '3.1415',
TYPE C VALUE 'Hugo'.
Numeric literal 1234, -987 Whole number (a minus sign is placed in front of negative numbers) Text literal 'abdc', '2.17', '1.213E15', HELLO', 'A''B' Character sequence set off by single quotation marks, 255 characters max.
Page 37
Concatenate Statement
CONCATENATE f1 ... fn INTO g.
DATA: ONE(10) VALUE ' John ', TWO(3) VALUE 'F.', THREE(10) VALUE ' Kennedy', NAME(20). FIRST TYPE STRING. CONCATENATE ONE TWO THREE INTO NAME. NAME then contains the value ' JohnF. Kennedy'.
John F . Kennedy
JohnF .
Kennedy
Page 38
Chang Variable Value Copy and Initialization

Data Declarations: CONSTANTS c_id TYPE s_carr_id VALUE 'AA . DATA: d_id1 TYPE s_carr_id , d_id2 counter Program Start c_id TYPE s_carr_id TYPE i . AA AA AA AA VALUE 'LH ', d_id2 LH LH AA AA counter 0000 0000 0000 0001
d_id1
MOVE
c_id
TO
d_id1
d_id2 = d_id1. ADD 1 TO counter. CLEAR CLEAR: gd _carrid1, gd _carrid2, counter.
0000
ABAP Program
ABAP Runtime System
Page 39
Debugger Field Data Flow
Page 40
Debugger - Watchpoint
Watchpoint
Page 41
Defining Structure with Dictionary Type Reference

Structure Definition wa _ spfli Sdyn_conn _ ABAP Program ABAP Source Code
DATA: w_spfli TYPE spfli.

TABLES: sdyn_conn.
Page 42
Addressing Fields in Structures

_ WA_SPFLI mandt carrid CONNID CITYFROM ABAP Program
ABAP Source Code DATA: w_spfli TYPE spfli. TABLES: sdyn_conn. sdyn_conn-carrid = 'AA'. SELECT * FROM spfli INTO w_spfli WHERE carrid = sdyn_conn-carrid. WRITE: / w_spfli-connid, w_spfli-cityfrom, w_spfli-cityto. ENDSELECT.
Fields in structures are always addressed by <structure>-<field_name>
Page 43
Moving Values Fields for Field

MOVE-CORRESPONDING <rec1> TO <rec2>.
DATA: ...
wa _ sflight
TYPE
sflight
wa _sbc400focc TYPE sbc400focc. MOVE-CORRESPONDING MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa _ sflight wa _ sflight TO TO wa _sbc400focc. wa _sbc400focc.
MANDT 401
CARRID LH
CONNID 0400
FLDATE 20000513
... ...
SEATSMAX 280
SEATSOCC 100
... ...
wa _ sflight
CARRID
CONNID 0400
FLDATE 20000513
SEATSMAX 280
SEATSOCC 100
PERCENTAGE
LH
Page 44
Debugger - Structure
Double-Click
Page 45
Internal Table
CARRID CONNID DISTANCE Key Fields AA LH LH QF SQ UA 0017 0400 0400 0005 0866 0007 2,572 6,162 6,162 10,000 1,625 2,572 5 Data Access Type UA 0007 Access with Index Sequence Unique / Non-Unique Key Line Type Key
Table Kind
Access with Key
You do not have to determine the number of lines in your table; the ABAP runtime system automatically determines this
at runtime (dynamic table expansion).
Page 46
Table Types
ANY TABLE
INDEX TABLE
HASHED TABLE
STANDARD TABLE
SORTED TABLE
Access with Index Access with Key Unique / Non-Unique Key Access Using
NON- UNIQUE
UNIQUE | NON-UNIQUE
UNIQUE
Mainly Index
Mainly Keys
Keys Only
Page 47
Defining Internal Table Reference to Dictionary Type
IT_flight
ABAP Program
DATA it_flight TYPE
SBC405_T_SFLIGHT
Page 48
Debugger Internal Table
Page 49
Processing Single Record

Append APPEND wa_itab to itab. APPEND
Insert
INSERT wa_itab INTO itab <condition>.
Read
READ
TABLE itab INTO wa_itab <condition>.
Change
MODIFY
TABLE itab <condition>.
Delete
DELETE DELETE itab <condition>.
Page 50
Example: Filling Internal Table Line by Line

* declaration of internal table and workarea DATA: it_flight TYPE sbc405_t_sflight. DATA: wa_flight TYPE sbc405_s_sflight.
It_flight
Wa_flight
** Filling structure wa_flight with values SELECT * FROM sflight INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight. ** Append wa_flight to internal table it_flight APPEND wa_flight TO it_flight. ENDSELECT.
Page 51
Example: Reading Using the Index
READ TABLE it_flight INTO wa_flight INDEX 5. IF sy-subrc = 0. WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid, wa_flight-connid, wa_flight-fldate, wa_flight-seatsmax. ENDIF.
Page 52
Example: Reading Using Keys
READ TABLE it_flight INTO wa_flight WITH KEY carrid = 'LH' connid = '0401' fldate = '20030404'. IF sy-subrc = 0. WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid, wa_flight-connid, wa_flight-fldate, wa_flight-seatsmax. ENDIF.
Page 53
Processing Sets of Records

Loop: LOOP AT itab INTO wa _ itab .
For All Operations

ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
Delete
DELETE
itab
<condition>.
Insert Multiple Lines from an Internal Table Append Multiple Lines from an Internal Table APPEND INSERT itab2 <condition2> FROM itab1 <condition1>. INSERT itab2 <condition2> FROM itab1 <condition1>.
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Other Process Options

Sort SORT SORT itab <conditions>
Setting Internal Table Contents to Initial
CLEAR CLEAR
itab .
Page 55
Example: Reading Using a Loop
LOOP AT it_flight INTO wa_flight. WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid, wa_flight-connid, wa_flight-fldate, wa_flight-seatsmax. ENDLOOP.
Page 56
Internal Table with Header Line

DATA WITH HEADER LINE < itab > TYPE < itabtype > [[WITH HEADER LINE] .
Work Area <wa>
Header Line <itab>
Internal Table <itab>

CARRID AA LH CONNID 0017 0400
Internal Table <itab>

CONNID 0017 0400 AA LH
CARRID Report : YBC_REP_005
APPEND <WA> TO <itab>. MODIFY <ITAB> INDEX <n> FROM <WA>. LOOP AT <ITAB> INTO <WA>. WRITE <WA>-<field>. ENDLOOP. READ TABLE <ITAB> INDEX <n> INTO <WA>.
APPEND <itab>. MODIFY <ITAB> INDEX <n>. LOOP AT <ITAB>. WRITE <ITAB>-<field>. ENDLOOP. READ TABLE <ITAB> INDEX <n>.
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Query Database
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Page 58
Querying the Database

ABAP Program
Data Objects
pa_car wa_scarr wa _
SELECT ...
Open SQL
Database Specific Conversion
Database SQL
Database Interface ABAP Runtime System
scarr
Page 59
Reading database tables

SELECT <result>
Which columns? Which table(s)? Where? Which lines?
FROM
<table>
INTO <destination> WHERE <condition>
Single Line
} Multiple Lines
Particular Column
Page 60
Processing Single Records

ABAP Program
Data Objects
pa_carrid wa_scarr wa _ Database Table SCARR
DATA: p_carrid LIKE scarr-carrid. DATA: wa_scarr LIKE scarr. ****** SINGLE SELECT SINGLE * INTO wa_scarr FROM scarr WHERE carrid = p_carrid. IF sy-subrc = 0. WRITE: / wa_scarr-carrid, wa_scarr-carrname. ELSE. MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. ENDIF. ABAP Runtime System
Database Interface
scarr
Page 61
ABAP statement return code
Page 62
Message
MESSAGE XNNN WITH f1 ... f4
Table T100
Page 63
Runtime Behavior of Messages

A Termination Processing is terminated, the user must restart the transaction Exit Like a termination message, but with short dump MESSAGE_TYPE_X Error Runtime behavior depends on context Warning Runtime behavior depends on context Information Processing is interrupted, the message is displayed in a dialog box and the program is continued when the message has been confirmed with ENTER. Status The message appears in the status bar on the next screen.
X
E W I
Page 64
Evaluating Filed Contents

CASE <data object1>. WHEN <data object2>.
Statements
WHEN <data object4> OR <data object5>.

Statements
WHEN OTHERS.
Statements
ENDCASE.
IF <logical expression>.
Statements
ELSEIF <logical expression>.

Statements
ELSEIF <logical expression>.

Statements
ELSE.
Statements
ENDIF.
Page 65
Select loops
Data Objects
ABAP Program
pa_carrid wa _sflight
Database Table SFLIGHT
DATA: p_carrid LIKE scarr-carrid. DATA: wa_sflight LIKE sflight. ****** SELECT * INTO wa_sflight SELECT FROM sflight WHERE carrid = p_carrid. WRITE: / wa_sflight-carrid, wa_sflight-connid, wa_sflight-fldate. ENDSELECT ENDSELECT . IF sy-subrc <> 0. MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. ENDIF. ABAP Runtime System
Database Interface
Page 66
INTO Clauses
ABAP Program
DATA: wa_sbc405_sflight LIKE sbc405_s_sflight. ****** SELECT mandt carrid connid fldate price currency seatsmax seatsocc INTO wa_sbc405_sflight FROM sflight WHERE carrid = p_carrid. WRITE: / wa_sbc405_sflight-connid, wa_sbc405_sflight-fldate. ENDSELECT. IF sy-subrc <> 0. Same Type as MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. ENDIF. Column Read
Page 67
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS

ABAP Program
DATA: wa_sdyn_conn LIKE sdyn_conn. ****** SELECT carrid connid seatsmax INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_sdyn_conn FROM sflight WHERE carrid = p_carrid. WRITE: / wa_sdyn_conn-connid, wa_sdyn_conn-seatsmax. ENDSELECT. IF sy-subrc <> 0. MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. ENDIF. mandt carrid connid ... seatsmax
Same Name as Column Read
mandt
Page 68
carrid
connid
...
seatsmax
Array Fetch
Data Objects
ABAP Program
pa_carid _ it_flight Database Table SFLIGHT
DATA: p_carrid LIKE scarr-carrid. DATA: it_sflight LIKE sflight OCCURS 0. ****** SELECT * INTO TABLE it_sflight TABLE FROM sflight WHERE carrid = p_carrid. IF sy-subrc <> 0. MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. ENDIF.
Database Interface
ABAP Runtime System
Page 69
Reading Multiple Database Tables
Database View in the ABAP Dictionary Database View in the ABAP Dictionary INNER JOIN, OUTER JOIN INNER JOIN, OUTER JOIN FOR ALL ENTRIES FOR ALL ENTRIES Nested SELECT Statements Nested SELECT Statements
Page 70
Reading Multiple Database Tables - View

Database View in the ABAP Dictionary Database View in the ABAP Dictionary
REPORT ZSAPBC405_GDAD_DB_VIEW
Dictionary
Table
Database view DV_FLIGHTS

Join conditions
...
SELECT carrid connid cityfrom cityto fldate seatsmax seatsocc INTO TABLE itab_flights FROM dv_flights WHERE cityfrom IN so_cityf AND cityto IN so_cityt AND seatsocc < dv_flights~seatsmax ORDER BY carrid connid fldate. ...
View fields
Page 71
Reading Multiple Database Tables Inner Join

INNER JOIN INNER JOIN
REPORT SAPBC405_GDAD_INNER_JOIN_2TAB ... SELECT SPFLI~CARRID SPFLI~CONNID SPFLI~CITYFROM SPFLI~CITYTO SFLIGHT~FLDATE SFLIGHT~SEATSMAX SFLIGHT~SEATSOCC INTO TABLE ITAB_FLIGHTS FROM SPFLI INNER JOIN SFLIGHT ON SPFLI~CARRID = SFLIGHT~CARRID AND SPFLI~CONNID = SFLIGHT~CONNID WHERE SPFLI~CARRID IN SO_CARR AND SPFLI~CONNID IN SO_CONN.
A
INNER JOIN
a1
a2 a3
b1
b2 b3
c1
c2 c3
a1
a3 a3
b1
b2 b3
d1
d2 d3
A a1 a3
B b1 b3
C c1 c3
D d1 d3
...
Page 72
Reading Multiple Database Tables Outer Join

OUTER JOIN OUTER JOIN
REPORT SAPBC405_GDAD_OUTER_JOIN ...

A
LEFT OUTER JOIN
B b1 b2 b3
C c1 c2 c3
A a1 a3 a3
D d1 d2 d3
E e1 e2 e3
SELECT SCARR~CARRID SCARR~CARRNAME SPFLI~CONNID SPFLI~CITYFROM SPFLI~CITYTO INTO TABLE ITAB_FLIGHTS FROM SCARR LEFT OUTER JOIN SPFLI ON SCARR~CARRID = SPFLI~CARRID ORDER BY SCARR~CARRID SPFLI~CONNID.
a1 a2 a3
A a1 a2 a3
B b1 b2 b3 b3
C c1 c2 c3 c3
D d1
E e1
d2 d3
e2 e3
...
a3
Page 73
Alias Name
SELECT A~CARRID AS A1 A~CARRNAME AS B1
FIELD ALIAS
B~CONNID B~CITYFROM B~CITYTO INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE ITAB_FLIGHTS FROM SCARR AS A LEFT OUTER JOIN SPFLI AS B ON A~CARRID = B~CARRID WHERE A~CARRID EQ P_CARRID ORDER BY A~CARRID B~CONNID. Table ALIAS
Page 74
Reading Multiple Database Tables FOR ALL ENTRIES

FOR ALL ENTRIES FOR ALL ENTRIES
REPORT ... . SAPBC405_GDAD_FOR_ALL_ENTRIES
itab_spfli
LH LH 0400 0402 ... ...
SELECT carrid connid cityfrom airpfrom cityto airpto deptime arrtime INTO TABLE itab_spfli FROM spfli WHERE cityfrom IN so_cityf AND cityto IN so_cityt.
* Check, if at least one dataset is found DESCRIBE TABLE itab_spfli LINES itab_lines. IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF. * Delete Duplicates SORT itab_spfli. DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM itab_spfli. SELECT carrid connid fldate seatsmax seatsocc INTO TABLE itab_sflight FROM sflight FOR ALL ENTRIES IN itab_spfli WHERE carrid = itab_spfli-carrid AND connid = itab_spfli-connid. .... .
Page 75
Executed according to:
where (
carrid and connid
= 'LH' = '0400') = 'LH' = '0402')
or or
( (.
carrid and connid ..
Selection Screen
-

Page 76
Selection Screen
Page 77
The Selection Screen Function
Type checks Multilingual Capacity
Value Entry
...
Variants
Search Help
Page 78
Entering Selections
SELECT-OPTIONS ... PARAMETERS ...
Multiple single values,
Intervals,
Single value exclusion, Interval exclusion
Page 79
Selection text
Multilingual Capacity
Program
Source Code REPORT bc400td_selection_screen. : SELECT-OPTIONS so_ carr FOR ... PARAMETERS pa_city TYPE ... Text elements
Title/Headers Text symbols
Selection Texts SO_CARR EN Airline carrier DE EN Departing from DE
PA_CITY Airline Carrier LH to ...
Departing from
Page 80
Search Help
DATA: WA_SPFLI TYPE LINE_TYPE_SPFLI. SELECT-OPTIONS: SO_CARID FOR WA_SPFLI-CARRID DEFAULT 'AA' TO 'LH', SO_CONID FOR WA_SPFLI-CONNID.
Table field Structure Field Search Help Search Help Check Tables Data element
ABAP Dictionary
Page 81
Variants
Airline Carrier
AA
to
LH
...
Departing from
Variant CARRIER_AA_TO_LH: Airlines AA to LH Hide input field
Departing from
Page 82
Parameters
ABAP Program
p_carid
reference ABAP Dictionary
Locally Defined Types and Fields
PARAMETERS
Selection Screen
p_carid TYPE s_carr_id. s_carr_id
ABAP Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 83
Data Transport
ABAP Program
pa_car p_car
p_car PARAMETERS pa _ car TYPE s_carr_id.

Selection Screen Selection Screen
ABAP Runtime System
Page 84
Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS

PARAMETERS: <f>[TYPE <type>][DECIMALS <n>][LIKE <f1>][MEMORY ID < [OBLIGATORY][DEFAULT < wert >] [AS CHECKBOX] [RADIOBUTTON GROUP < grp >]
.
pid >]
REPORT ... .
SAPBC405_SSCD_CHECKBOX_RADIOB
PARAMETERS: PA_CARR LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID DEFAULT 'AA', PA_NAME AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT 'X',
PA_CURR AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT 'X', PA_LIM_1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM,
PA_LIM_2 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM,

PA_LIM_3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM .
Page 85
Using Parameters in Select Statement
REPORT ...
DATA wa _spfli TYPE spfli.

PARAMETERS pa_car TYPE s_ ... SELECT SELECT carrid connid cityfrom cityto ... wa _spfli FROM spfli INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF pa_car WHERE carrid = pa_car. WRITE: ENDSELECT ENDSELECT. / wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- fldate , ... . carr _id.
wa _spfli- connid ,
Page 86
Select-Options
option Sign low
high so_ carr
ABAP Program
gd _carrid
Selection Screen
DATA gd _carrid TYPE s_carr_id . SELECT-OPTIONS SELECT-OPTIONS so_ carr FOR gd_carrid.
ABAP Runtime System
Page 87
Data Transport
ABAP Program
so_ carr so_ carr wa _ scarr
gd _carrid
Locally Defined Types and Fields Selection Screen Selection
DATA gd _carrid TYPE s_ carr _ id . so_ carr SELECT-OPTIONS so_ carr FOR gd _carrid.
Screen
ABAP Runtime System
Page 88
Selection Screen with select-options
sign
option I EQ
low 003000497
high
Internal Table S_VBELN
Page 89
Syntax of the SELECT-OPTIONS Statement

SELECT-OPTIONS < seltab > FOR <Data Object>
DEFAULT <value> OPTION < DEFAULT <value1> TO <value2> xx > SIGN <x>
MEMORY ID <
pid >
LOWER CASE
OBLIGATORY
NO-EXTENSION
NO INTERVALS.
Page 90
Selection Options and Multiple Selections

Selection options
Multiple selections
Sign I I
Option EQ BT
Low AA DL
High
LH
Page 91
Using select-options in the SELECT Statement

REPORT ZTEST. DATA: WA_SPFLI TYPE SPFLI. SELECT-OPTIONS S_CARR FOR WA_SPLFLI-CARRID. SELECT CARRID CONNID CITYFROM CITYTO FROM SPFLI INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF WA_SPFLI WHERE CARRID IN S_CARR. WRITE: / WA_SPFLI-CARRID, WA_SPFLI-CONNID, WA_SPFLI-CITYFROM, WA_SPFLI-CITYTO. ENDSELECT.
Page 92
Designing the Selection Screen I

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK <block WITH FRAME TITLE <text> Price ...
>
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK <block>
REPORT sapbc405_sscd_sel_screen_i. ... * Block with frame SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK CARR WITH FRAME. SELECT-OPTIONS: SO_CARR FOR WA_SFLIGHT-CARRID. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK CARR. * Block with frame and title SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK LIMIT WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-001. PARAMETERS: PA_LIM_1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM, PA_LIM_2 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM, PA_LIM_3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK LIMIT. ...
Page 93
Designing the Selection Screen II

REPORT SAPBC405_SSCD_SEL_SCREEN_II. ... * Nested blocks with frame and title * Radiobutton group SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK OUT_PUT WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-S01. * Radiobutton group with frame and frame text SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK SEATS WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-S02. PARAMETERS PA_OCC RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEAT. PARAMETERS PA_FRE RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEAT. PARAMETERS PA_ALL RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEAT. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK SEATS. * Parameters displayed in one line SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE. SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(20) TEXT-S03. SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT POS_LOW(8) TEXT-S04. PARAMETERS PA_COL AS CHECKBOX. SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT POS_HIGH(8) TEXT-S05. PARAMETERS PA_ICO AS CHECKBOX. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK OUT_PUT. ...
Page 94
SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF LINE
COMMENT pos ( len ) <text> [FOR FIELD <f>]

POSITION pos
END OF LINE
Output ...
Seats ...
Selection Screen Events

Program Start ABAP Program
INITIALIZATION.
AT SELECTON-SCREEN OUTPUT.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
No Yes
START-OF-SELECTION
ABAP Runtime System
Page 95
Initializing the Selection Screen

INITIALIZATION. REPORT ... SAPBC405_SSCD_INITIALIZATION.
INITIALIZATION.
MOVE: MARK TO PA_ALL. MOVE: 'I' TO SO_CARR-SIGN, 'BT' TO SO_CARR-OPTION, 'AA' TO SO_CARR-LOW, 'LH' TO SO_CARR-HIGH. APPEND SO_CARR. CLEAR SO_CARR. MOVE: 'E' TO SO_CARR-SIGN, 'EQ' TO SO_CARR-OPTION, 'DL' TO SO_CARR-LOW. APPEND SO_CARR.
...
Page 96
At selection-screen output
Page 97
Input Checks:AT SELECTION-SCREEN

AT SELECTION-SCREEN
ON <f>
ON RADIOBUTTON GROUP <grp>
ON <seltab>
ON BLOCK <block>
REPORT sapbc405_sscd_at_sel_screen. ... * Check of selection criterion SO_DEPT AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON so_dept. IF ( so_dept-low LT '060000' OR so_dept-high LT '060000' ) OR ( so_dept-low GE '220000' OR so_dept-high GE '220000' ) AND airp_fr EQ 'FRA'. MESSAGE e002(bc405). ENDIF.
...
Page 98
Error Dialogs in AT SELECTION-SCREEN

Program Start ABAP Program
INITIALIZATION.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN. MESSAGE e001.
No Yes
START-OF-SELECTION
ABAP Runtime System
Page 99
At Selection-Screen Syntax
PARAMETERS: pa_car TYPE s_ carr _id.
* First event processed after leaving the selection screen AT SELECTION-SCREEN. AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'S_CARRID' ID 'CARRID' FIELD pa_car ID 'ACTVT' IF sy - subrc FIELD <> 0. actvt _display.
* Show selection screen again and show message in status bar MESSAGE e045(bc400) WITH pa_car. MESSAGE e045(bc400) WITH pa_car. ENDIF.
Page 100
ABAP List
-

Page 101
List
Page 102
Purpose of List
Screen
CA ID PRICE 2500 7800
Multilingual Capacity
AA
AA Total
2602 2400
2602
Print
Page 103
List Operations
Page 104
Basic list Process
Program Start ABAP Program Data Objects
Database Table START-OF-SELECTION

List
buffer
ABAP Runtime System
Page 105
Generating a List
REPORT SAPBC405_FOLD_LIST_CREATION.
DATA: WA_SPFLI LIKE SPFLI. SELECT CARRID CONNID CITYFROM CITYTO DEPTIME ARRTIME INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF WA_SPFLI FROM SPFLI. WRITE: / WA_SPFLI-CARRID, WA_SPFLI-CONNID, WA_SPFLI-CITYFROM, WA_SPFLI-CITYTO, WA_SPFLI-DEPTIME, WA_SPFLI-ARRTIME. ENDSELECT.
Page 106
WRITE Statement :General Syntax

WRITE [AT] [/< pos ( len )>] <f> <option1> <option2> ...
REPORT sapbc405_fold_write ... .... . . * constants for positions of outputs CONSTANTS: pos TYPE i VALUE 72, pos2 TYPE i VALUE 12, len_fdt TYPE i VALUE 10, "sflight-fldate len_max TYPE i VALUE 6, "sflight-seatsmax len_pri TYPE i VALUE 11, "sflight-price len_cur TYPE i VALUE 8. "sflight-currency .... . . WRITE AT: / sy-vline, pos2(len_fdt) wa_sflight-fldate COLOR COL_KEY, (len_max) wa_sflight-seatsmax, (len_max) wa_sflight-seatsocc, (len_max) seatsfree COLOR COL_POSITIVE, (len_pri) wa_sflight-price CURRENCY wa_sflight-currency, (len_cur) wa_sflight-currency.
Page 107
Addition Option Parameters
Page 108
Setting the List Format
Page 109
Page Headers
Page 110
Multilingual Capability
Program
Source text REPORT ... REPORT ... WRITE:/ SY-VLINE, WRITE:/ SY-VLINE, 'Flight'(001), 'Flight'(001), 'Starting city'(002), 'Starting city'(002), 'Dest .. city'(003), 'Dest city'(003), ... ... Text elements
Title/Headings List header DE Flugverbindungen EN Flight Connections FR Text symbols 001 DE Flug EN Flight FR ..... ...
:
002 DE Startort
Start the extended syntax check: Error if text elements are not maintained. Reconciliation: Program text symbols possible. Determine text lengths with character list for other languages.
Page 111
Event Overview
* Basic list
START-OF-SELECTION. . END-OF-SELECTION.
TOP-OF-PAGE.
END-OF-PAGE
Detail lists
AT LINE-SELECTION.
AT USER-COMMAND.
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION .
Page 112
Defining Line and Field Formats
Page 113
Outputting Icons, Symbols, and Lines
Page 114
Additional Statements for Page Layout

NEW-LINE.
SKIP [TO LINE] <n>.
RESERVE <n> LINES.
BACK.
POSITION <n>.
SET BLANK LINES ON|OFF
}.
Page 115
System Fields in List Creation

1 SY-SROWS SY-LINCT SY-COLNO
SY-LINSZ 2
SY-SCOLS
SY-LINNO SY-PAGNO
3 2 1
Page 116
Detail List
Page 117
Events for Detail List

* Basic list
START-OF-SELECTION. GET ... .
END-OF-SELECTION. TOP-OF-PAGE.
Detail lists
AT LINE-SELECTION. AT USER-COMMAND. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION .
Page 118
Example : A Simple Detail List
Page 119
System Variant : sy-lsind
Page 120
Create a detail List I

REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_interact_list_1.
... AT LINE-SELECTION. AT LINE-SELECTION.
SET CURSOR LINE 2. pos = 3 * sy-lsind. len = sy-linsz - pos - 21. WRITE: 'Das ist eine Verzweigungliste'(001) COLOR COL_TOTAL. FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE. WRITE: / 'Listenstufe: '(002) NO-GAP COLOR COL_NORMAL, sy-lsind COLOR COL_NORMAL, AT (pos) space. IF sy-lsind = 19. pos = pos + 19. WRITE AT pos(len) icon_message_error AS ICON COLOR COL_NORMAL RIGHT-JUSTIFIED. ELSEIF sy-lsind = 20. pos = pos + 19. WRITE AT pos(len) icon_alarm AS ICON COLOR COL_NORMAL RIGHT-JUSTIFIED. ENDIF.
User actionsy-ucomm = PICK
Page 121
Creating Detail Lists II

Basic list sy-lsind: 0 REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_interact_lists_2.
AT LINE-SELECTION. AT LINE-SELECTION.
AT LINE-SELECTION. * Creation of detail lists FORMAT COLOR COL_TOTAL. CASE sy-lsind. WHEN '1'. * Detail list 1 WRITE: 'Verzweigungsliste: 1'(001), /'SY-LSIND: '(000), 19 sy-lsind . WHEN '2'. * Detail list 2 WRITE: 'Verzweigungsliste: 2'(002), /'SY-LSIND: '(000), 19 sy-lsind . ENDCASE.
PICK
Detail list: sy-lsind:
1 1
PICK
Detail list: sy-lsind:
2 2
PICK
Page 122
The HIDE Area

HIDE <data object>.
Basic list buffer Line
HIDE area Line wa _spflicarrid ... LH LH ... SQ wa _spfliconnid ... 0400 0402 ... 0002
... 5 6 ... 11
LH 0400 FRA LH 0402 FRA ... SQ 0002 SIN
JFK JFK SFO
10:10:00 13:30:00 09:30:00
... 5 6 ... 11
REPORT sapbc400udd_example_2. ... START-OF-SELECTION. SELECT * FROM spfli INTO wa _spfli. WRITE:/ wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- connid , wa _spfli- airpfrom , wa _spfli- airpto , wa _spfli- deptime . HIDE: wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- connid . ENDSELECT.
Page 123
Line Selection
HIDE area
Line Flight From LH 0400 FRA LH 0402 FRA ... SQ 0002 SIN To JFK JFK SFO Departing at 10:10:00 13:30:00 09:30:00 ... 5 6 ... 11
wa _spfli-carrid ... LH LH ... SQ
wa _spfli- connid ... 0400 0402 ... 0002
??
LH 0402
??
??
??
wa _spfli
REPORT sapbc400udd_example_2.
AT LINE-SELECTION. WRITE: text-001, wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- connid .
Text symbols: 001 Flights for connection
Page 124
Line Selection:The Hide Technique
DEMO: Data Transport: Hide Technique -------------------------------------------------------AA NEW YORK SAN FRANCI AZ ROME FRANKFURT AZ TOKYO ROME LH FRANKFURT NEW YORK
DEMO: Data Transport: Hide Technique -------------------------------------------------------LH 400 02/01/2000 1,332.00 DEM 03/28/2000 1,332.00 DEM 04/17/2000 1,332.00 DEM
1
SY-LILLI
6 Hide area of list level 0 Line 3 3 4 5 6 :
Page 125
5
REPORT SAPBC405_ILBD_HIDE .
Field name spfli spfli spfli spfli - carrid - carrid - carrid - carrid :
Value AA AZ AZ LH
Field name spfli spfli spfli spfli - connid - connid - connid - connid :
Value 0017 0555 0789 0400
AT LINE-SELECTION. AT LINE-SELECTION. SELECT ... WHERE carrid AND connid
= spfli - carrid LH = spfli - connid .
Line Selection Syntax

REPORT sapbc400udd_example_2.
...
Text symbols: AT LINE-SELECTION. IF sy - lsind WRITE: = 1. wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- connid . SELECT FROM fldate seatsmax seatsocc sflight wa _ sflight wa _spfli-carrid = wa _spfli- connid . wa _ sflight - fldate , wa _ sflight - seatsmax , wa _ sflight - seatsocc . ENDSELECT. ENDIF. 001 Flights for connection text-001,
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF WHERE carrid = AND connid
WRITE:/
Page 126
Valid Line Selection

REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_valid_line_sel. ... GET spfli FIELDS ... WRITE ... HIDE: spfli-carrid, spfli-connid. DEMO: LH Data Transport: Hide Technique
-------------------------------------------------------400 01.02.00 1.332,00 DEM 28.03.00 1.332,00 DEM
17.04.00 1.332,00 DEM

END-OF-SELECTION. CLEAR spfli-carrid. CLEAR spfli-carrid. HIDE area AT LINE-SELECTION. CHECK NOT spfli-carrid IS INITIAL. CHECK NOT spfli-carrid IS INITIAL. ...
CLEAR spfli-carrid. CLEAR spfli-carrid.
Page 127
Data Buffering in a List System

HIDE area Basic list
HIDE area
Detail List
HIDE area Detail List
Basic list
DL 1
DL 2
...
Display
Display
Display
List buffer Basic list
List buffer Detail List
List buffer Detail List
Page 128
Page Headings for Detail Lists

TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION .
REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_heading_i_lists NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING. TOP-OF-PAGE.
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING. ULINE. WRITE: sy-vline, 'Flight dates'(t05), AT pos_nr sy-pagno, AT line_size sy-vline. ULINE.
..
Page 129
Field Selection
GET CURSOR FIELD <feld1> [VALUE <feld2>].
REPORT SAPBC405_ILBD_FIELD_SELECTION. DATA: ... , field_name(30), (30), field_value field_name field_value(50).
...
AT LINE-SELECTION. * Cursor information GET CURSOR FIELD field_name VALUE field_value. CASE field_name. WHEN 'SPFLI-CARRID'. SELECT carrname INTO wa_carrname FROM scarr WHERE carrid = spfli-carrid. WRITE: field_value, ':', wa_carrname. ENDSELECT. WINDOW STARTING AT 15 10 ENDING AT 50 15. WHEN 'SPFLI-CONNID'. FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING. WRITE: spfli-carrid, field_value. SELECT fldate INTO wa_fldate FROM sflight WHERE carrid = spfli-carrid AND connid = spfli-connid. FORMAT RESET. WRITE: /4 wa_fldate. ENDSELECT. WINDOW STARTING AT 15 10 ENDING AT 50 15. ENDCASE.
Page 130
System Fields for Interactive Lists

SY-LILLI SY-LILLI 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 SY-LINNO SY-LINNO 1 SY-PAGNO SY-PAGNO
5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8
9 9 10 10
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
2 SY-CUROW SY-CUROW SY-CUCOL SY-CUCOL 3
SY-CPAGE SY-CPAGE
Basic list
SY-LSIND = 0 SY-LSIND = 0 SY-LISTI = 0 SY-LISTI = 0
DL 1
DL 2
...
Page 131
Question & Answers
Page 132

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ABAP Training

Odin Lee 6/2005

Business Consulting Services

Copyright IBM Corporation 2005

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ABAP Program Flow ( 30 Mins )

ABAP Dictionary Data type ( 90 Mins )

IBM / Wistron ERP Project

Copyright IBM Corporation 2005

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ABAP Program Flow

ABAP Program Flow ( 30 Mins )

ABAP Dictionary Data type ( 90 Mins )

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Client / Server Architecture

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Report Program Flow 1.Program Start

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2.System Load Program Context

ABAP Runtime System

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3.Runtime System Sends Selection screen

ABAP Runtime System

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4.Selection Screen Entries Insert into Data Object

ABAP Runtime System

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5.Program Requests Data Record from Database

ABAP Runtime System

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6.Database Returns Data Record to Program

ABAP Program ABAP Program

Data objects Data objects

Database Database Table Table

ABAP Runtime System

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7.Runtime System Sends List

ABAP Runtime System

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ABAP Dictionary Data Type

ABAP Program Flow ( 30 Mins )

ABAP Dictionary Data type ( 90 Mins )

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