Workshop on Antenna Design

Helical antenna

Helical Antenna
traveling wave antenna in the shape of a corkscrew produces radiation along the axis of the helix antenna. referred to as axial-mode helical antennas. has a wide bandwidth, easy to construct, has a real input impedance, circularly polarized

Parameters of the helix antenna

D-

Diameter of a turn on the helix antenna. C- Circumference of a turn on the helix antenna (C=D). S- Vertical separation between turns for helical antenna. - pitch angle, which controls how far the helix antenna grows in the zdirection per turn, and is given by
N-

Number of turns on the helix antenna. H- Total height of helix

Design Considerations
at

least 3 turns will have close to circular polarization when the circumferenceCis close to a wavelength 0.75C 1.33 12<<14 (typical value 13) S=C tan() D=c/pi

Axial Ratio,Gain,HPBW

Radiation Pattern

Design Helical Antenna Operating At 10 Ghz (N=5)

Microstrip Patch Antenna

low

profile antenna lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to integrate with accompanying electronics elements are usually flat hence their other name, planar antennas (planar antennas not always a patch antenna)

Side View of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Probe Feed

Microstrip Patch Antenna

Design Methodology of Rectangular Patch Antenna

practical

width that leads to good radiation efficiencies is found using equations of W

v0 w= 2 fr
Determine

2 r +1

the effective dielectric constant of the microstrip antenna using r + 1 r 1 w 1 reff = + [1 + 12 ] 2 2 2 h W is found using determine the extension w of the length using ( +0.3 + 0.264) )(
L =0.412 h
reff

Once

( .258)( + reff

w 0.8) h

The

actual length of the patch can now be determined by solving for L

L=

1 2 f r reff

0 0

2L

Where

W =width of patch L=length of patch h=height of dielectric substrate r = dielectric constant V0=free space velocity

Design a rectangular microstrip antenna using a substrate (RT/duroid 5880) with dielectric constant of 2.2, h = 0.1588 cm (0.0625 inches) so as to resonate at 10 GHz

Design methodology of Circular Patch antenna

h=height

of dielectric substrate r = dielectric constant fr=resonance frequency a= radius of the circular patch

Design a circular microstrip antenna using a substrate (RT/duroid 5880) with a dielectric constant of 2.2, h = 0.1588 cm (0.0625 in.) so as to resonate at 10 GHz.

Yagi-Uda (Array) antenna

Yagi-Uda Antenna
Array

antennas can be used to increase directivity. Parasitic array does not require a direct connection to each element by a feed network The parasite elements acquire their excitation from near field coupling by the driven element A Yagi-Uda antenna is a linear array of parallel dipoles.

The basic Yagi unit consists of three elements: 1. Driver or driven element 2. Reflector 3. Director

Radiation Pattern of Yagi-Uda Array Antenna

Design Methodology
Optimum

spacing for gain of a reflector and driven element is 0.15 to 0.25 wavelengths Director to director spacings are 0.2 to 0.35 wavelengths apart. Reflector length is typically 0.05 wavelengths longer or a length 1.05 that of the driven element. The driven element is calculated at resonance without the presence of parasitic elements. Driven element is a wave dipole. The directors are usually 10 to 20% shorter than at resonance.