TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Employee Orientation
Employee orientation provides new employees with the basic background information they need to work such as company rules, regulations, policies, culture and vision of the organisation. Ex: Mayo clinic Orientation can be done by relying on technology and by giving employee handbooks and manuals. EX: University of Cincinnati Ex: Indian firms like SAIL, NTPC,IOC use a combination of classroom sessions, as part of orientation of employees.

TRAINING
Training is the systematic process of providing employees with the competencies required to do the current job. Ex: Training programmes at IBM, Johnson & Johnson, Philips Software Benefits of Training: Improves performance Makes employees mobile and versatile Bridges the gaps

Five step Training and Development Process

Need Analysis Instructional design Validation step Implement Evaluation

Training And Development Process

Need Analysis is done by focusing on all the aspects Organizational Analysis (Ex: IBM) Task or Role analysis Person Analysis (Ex:BMW) Instructional design Validation step Implement Evaluation

Competency Model
Competency means knowledge, skill and attitude required to perform a job effectively and efficiently. Organizations are also doing competency mapping Ex: Sharp electronics

Training Methods
There are types of training methods On-the job training method Off-the job training method On the job training method refers to process wherein the trainee learn a task or skill by performing the job. Ex: Procter and Gamble, GCP, Infosys Off-the job training method refers to a process wherein the trainee is separated from the real job situation and his attention is focused completely on learning a skill rather than performing. Ex: ONGC

Types of Training Methods

Coaching is an on the job training program (Ex: Mens Wear house) Job Rotation is a on the job training(Ex: Godrej consumer product Ltd, GE) Apprenticeship Training is a combination of on and off the job training(Ex:Dofasco, BAE systems, Ford Motors) Job Instruction Training is a off the job training method that involves 4 important processes that include preparation, presentation, performance try-out and follow-up. Lecture Method is a off-the job training method

Types of Training Methods

Programmed Instructions is a off the job training method that involves self directed learning method. Video conferences is a off the job training method and it is one of the various forms of distance learning method for training employees. (Ex: ICFAI) Action Learning is a off the job training method. It involves working on a real business problems and coming out with solutions. (Ex: Samsung, Deutsche bank, GE) Audio- Visual Training Program is a off the job training method. It involves providing instructions to the employees by having them watch a video presentation. (Ex: Ford Motors)

Types of Training Methods

Simulated Training is an off the job training method. In this method employees are expected to do realistic tasks in a hypothetical situation. Ex: South west Airlines Role plays: It is an off the job training method in which trainees act out different roles or parts in an simulated environment. University Related programs is a off-the job management development program. (Ex: ONGC, AppolloTyres) Management Development Programmes:It involves introducing a pool of learning activities to some competent employees to pursue current and future responsibilities very efficiently and effectively. Ex: HP, TCS, INFOSYS

SUCESSION PLANNING
Succession Planning is a on the job management development program that involves identifying, assessing and developing competent employees so that the developed employees can be promoted when a vacant position exists. Steps Involved in Succession Planning are: Anticipate Management needs Review firms management skill inventory Create replacement charts Ex: GE The case of Jeffrey Immelt) TCS, Infosys, Mc Donalds, Monsanto)

Types of Training Methods

Case study : It is an off the job training method Management Games: It is off the job training and development method that permits participants to assume roles of two different of competitors in a simulated situation. Ex: Marine Corporation, Bell Canada, Lufthansa Airlines and Delta Airlines Companies conduct management game without a computer. ( Ex: Motorola) Behavioral Modeling: It is a training technique that includes modeling, role-playing and social reinforcement.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of A Training Program

This model is given by Donald Kirkpatrick and comprises 4 important variables: Reaction Ex: Black and Decker corporation Learning (Ex: Federal Express) Behavior (Ex: Xerox) Results

Organizational Change
Organizational change includes a change or transition in terms of culture, structure and technology. ( Ex: Avon products and the role of Andrea Jung) Kurt Lewins Model to reduce resistance towards change Lewin opined that change is accepted by employees by weakening status quo force and by building up the forces for change. The 3 step model given by Kurt Lewin Unfreezing Phase Moving Phase Refreezing Change Management Techniques: Training, Cooptation Reward Power