HUMAN NEEDS

ANIRBAN DAS 11HM03 VIGNESH S 11HM33

Human Needs
A Need is a lack or deficit of something within the system or organism. Needs create tensions
Mental strain Nervous anxiety Muscular contraction

Unsatisfied needs -> Frustration Constructive Behavior Defensive Behavior

Motivation Process
STEP 1 INTERNAL STEP 2 STEP 3

OBSERVED ACTION

EXTERNAL SATISFACTION

DRIVE NEED DESIRE MOTIVE

BARRIER TO ACHIEVING GOAL

GOAL ACHIEVEMENT

CREATES TENSION

REDUCES TENSION

UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Steps followed by management:
Have full knowledge of human behavior Know what satisfies the employees Should provide a congenial working environment

Hofstedes Study
Study of employees in 7 occupational levels in 16 countries, has concluded:
i. Professionals - self- actualisation and esteem. ii. Managers - self-actualisation, esteem and social needs. iii. Technicians - mixture of self-actualisation, esteem, social, security, and physiological needs iv. Clerical workers - social needs v. Unskilled workers - security and physiological needs

Need Satisfaction Procedure

UNSATISFIED NEED
LEADS TO TENSION CREATES

DRIVES NEEDS
ATTEMPTS TO SATISFY SEARCH BEHAVIOUR MAKES EFFORTS FOR GOAL ACHIEVEMENT

REDUCTION OF TENSION

LEADS TO

LEADS TO SATISFACTION

Defence Mechanism
i. Aggression ii. Withdrawal
a) b) Regression Emotional Insulation

iii. Fixation iv. Resignation v. Compromise

a) b) c) Sublimation Rationalisation Projection

Other Defence Mechanisms

i. Attention-getting ii. Depression iii. Sabotage iv. Obessive thinking v. Flight vi. Compensation vii. Repression viii. Conversion ix. Physical Reactions

Managers role in Need Fulfillment

a) b) c) d) e) f) Fulfillment of Physiological Needs Need for security Need for affiliation Competence Need Reputation Need Need for power

MASLOWS RANK ORDER OF HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Two Fundamental Premises: 1. Man is wanting animal 2. Mans needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance.

MASLOWS ORDER OF PRIORITY OF NEEDS

SELFACTUALISATION NEEDS

SECONDARY NEEDS

ESTEEM NEEDS SOCIAL NEEDS SAFETY & SECURITY NEEDS PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

PRIMARY NEEDS

Maslow theorises
1. Needs are interdependent and over-lapping. 2. People are partially satisfied and partially unsatisfied. 3. Higher satisfaction at the lower need level than the higher need level.

Maslows Conclusion
Average citizen satisfies his 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Physiological Needs Safety Needs Belonging or Social Needs Egoistic Needs Self-fulfillment Needs 85% 70% 50% 40% 10%

Exceptions
a) When a need is satisfied, it becomes undervalued. b) Emergence of a new need is a gradual phenomenon. c) Needs are more often unconscious than conscious. d) A satisfied person no longer has the needs for esteem, love, safety, etc.