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Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler

-By Anand Arjunwadkar

Pulverised Coal fired boilers

Coal crushed into powder and fired.

Drawbacks 1)Can be used only for particular type of coal. 2)Efficiency depends on coal particle size. 3)Coal preparation required. 4)Not environmentally feasible.

What is FBC Boiler?

Fuel burnt on bed of inert particles like sand or silica. They are suspended by flow of air. This increased volatility results in better combustion.

Types of FBC Boilers

When velocity of inlet air is Low it is called Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler. Mainly used when biomass is burnt. When velocity of inlet air is High it is called Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler. Mainly used when large sized coal is burnt.

CFB Boiler Technology

Instead of standard stoker, coal is burnt on a bed of inert particles suspended in air by inlet air pressure.

Coal of any size can be used.(6-12mm) No coal preparation method required.

Fuels Burnt in CFB Boiler

Wood wastes and bark Paper mill sludges Recycled paper facility sludges Sewage sludge Tire-derived fuel, in combination Oil and natural gas Coal, in combination Peat Biomass Sugar cane waste Agricultural waste

Advantages of CFB Boilers

Combustion Efficiency very high. (97.5% to 99.5%) Furnace Temperatures Maintained at 840C to 900C. Thus lowering NOx formation.

Low SOx emissions.

Advantages of CFB Boilers (contd)

Cost effective as coal preparation cost reduced. Does not need scrubber system. Low furnace temp. eliminates problems like, slag deposition on water walls and super heater.

Advantages of CFB Boilers (contd)

Less erosion of ID fan and ESP. Keeps fuels in ideal combustion state for longer time.

The open bottom design and widely spaced bubble caps allow easy removal of oversized or foreign material, greatly reducing downtime.

Tramp material moves down and cools before being removed through the bottom hoppers. Tables ensure even flow from the bed.

Bubble cap which provides the inlet air.

Air Blowers being placed

Anand Arjunwadkar TE-Mech 1

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