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Oxidation-Reduction (RedOx) Reactions

Prepared by: Julius Victorius A. Saluria

What is a RedOx reaction?


A type of reaction that involves TRANSFER OF ELECTRON(S) between two species Composed of a REDUCTION and OXIDATION half reactions NO NET CHANGE in the number of electrons

Lets Review: Oxidation Number (ON)


A number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion that describes its oxidation state 1. Elements in elementary substance has ON = 0. Example: Br2(l), P4(s), O2(g), Cu(s) 2. The charge of a monatomic ion is the ON of that element Example: Fe3+ (ON=+3), S2- (ON=-2)

Lets Review: Oxidation Number (ON)


3. The sum of ON of the atoms in a neutral species is zero; in a polyatomic ion, it is equal to the charge of that ion

Example:

H2O (ON of H=+1, ON of O=-2) 2(+1) + 1(-2) = 0 AlCl4- (ON of Al=+3, ON of Cl=-1) 1(+3) + 4(-1) = -1

4. Certain elements have the same oxidation number in all or almost all their compounds

Lets Review: Oxidation Number (ON)


We can determine the oxidation number of an element in a compound/polyatomic ion. i.e. What is the oxidation number of S in SO42-? Let x be the ON of S Charge of ion = sum of the ON of the elements in the compound/polyatomic ion -2 = 1(x) + 4(ON of O) -2 = x + 4(-2) -2 = x 8 x = +6 Therefore, S has an ON of +6

Oxidation
Half-reaction in which the species INCREASES (more positive) in oxidation number The electron is found on the PRODUCT SIDE of the chemical equation of the half-reaction

Reduction
Half-reaction in which The electron is found on the species the REACTANT SIDE DECREASES (less of the chemical equation positive) in oxidation of the half-reaction number

Balancing Half Reactions

Balance the atoms of the element that gets reduced or oxidized.

Balancing Half Reactions

Balance the O atom by adding H2O to the O-deficient side.

Balancing Half Reactions

Balance the number of H atoms by adding H+ to the Hdeficient side. If balancing half reactions in basic solution, add OH- to both sides of equation equal to the number of H+ previously added.

Balancing Half Reactions

Lastly, balance the charge by adding electrons.

Balancing RedOx Reactions

Split the equation into two half equations.

Balancing RedOx Reactions


Balance each half reactions. From this step, you will now be able to determine which of the species is reduced and which one is oxidized.

Balancing RedOx Reactions


Combine the half equations in such a way that the electrons in the equation are eliminated.

Balancing RedOx Reactions


Simplify the equation by cancelling species that appear on both sides of the equation.

Lets Practice!
1. Determine the oxidation number of I in the following compounds:
a. IO-(aq) b. NaI(s) c. I2(s)

2. Balance these half reactions and determine whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction:
a. Ni2+(g) Ni2O3(s) (in basic solution) b. ClO-(aq) ClO2-(aq) (in acidic solution)

3. Balance this RedOx reaction in basic medium and determine which is the oxidizing and reducing agent: K(s) + H2O(l) K+(aq) + H2(g)

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