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Example:
H2O (ON of H=+1, ON of O=-2) 2(+1) + 1(-2) = 0 AlCl4- (ON of Al=+3, ON of Cl=-1) 1(+3) + 4(-1) = -1
4. Certain elements have the same oxidation number in all or almost all their compounds
Oxidation
Half-reaction in which the species INCREASES (more positive) in oxidation number The electron is found on the PRODUCT SIDE of the chemical equation of the half-reaction
Reduction
Half-reaction in which The electron is found on the species the REACTANT SIDE DECREASES (less of the chemical equation positive) in oxidation of the half-reaction number
Balance the number of H atoms by adding H+ to the Hdeficient side. If balancing half reactions in basic solution, add OH- to both sides of equation equal to the number of H+ previously added.
Lets Practice!
1. Determine the oxidation number of I in the following compounds:
a. IO-(aq) b. NaI(s) c. I2(s)
2. Balance these half reactions and determine whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction:
a. Ni2+(g) Ni2O3(s) (in basic solution) b. ClO-(aq) ClO2-(aq) (in acidic solution)
3. Balance this RedOx reaction in basic medium and determine which is the oxidizing and reducing agent: K(s) + H2O(l) K+(aq) + H2(g)