ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN.

SUBMITTED BY: ADITYA MEENA FPT-II

OBJECTIVES:
Explain the importance of each element of design in relation to fashion. Apply the principles of design to apparel.

The Design Equation ELEMENTS PRINCIPLES

-COLOR
-SHAPE -LINE -TEXTURE

BALANCE PROPORTION EMPHASIS RHYTHM

The element are components or parts which can be isolated and defined in any visual design or work of art. There are five elements of design. They are:
Colour most exciting and creates mood Line creates illusions of the body Shape changes body silhouette Texture - creates feeling and mood value-value is the lightness or darkness of a colour.

All elements work together to create the overall design and beauty of a garment

COLOUR

The Element of COLOUR

Colour is the most important visual component designers and artists work with. Colour combinations can express a mood or seem warm or cool. Hue: name of a colour, eg. red or blue Value: lightness or darkness of a hue red. The value of a hue can be changed by adding black (shade) burgundy or white (tint) pink

 Intensity: the brightness or dullness of a hue Light, bright colours appear larger Dark, dull colours appear smaller

Warm colours (reds, yellows, oranges)

look like theyre coming towards you ADVANCE and compliment warm skin tones

Cool colours (blues, violets, greens)

look like their moving away from you RECEDE and compliment cool skin tones

COLOR Communication
Black - elegant,
sophisticated, dignified, strong, serious, sad Brown - earthy, casual, comfortable, natural Navy - dignified, cool, classic, peaceful, calm Green signifies life, nature, friendly Red - aggressive, passionate, vibrant Yellow - sunny, cheerful, warm

Orange - cheerful,
youthful, lively Violet - royal, wise, dramatic Gray - modest, sad, quiet dignity, professional Beige - quiet, tailored

White innocent,
youthful, pure Pink - soft, feminine

Gold - wealth, power,

luxury

COLOR Schemes
Monochromatic
Tints and shades of one hue

Triad
3 hues equal distance

Analogous
Adjacent hues

Accented neutral
Neutral (white, black, gray, beige) with an accent of bright color

Complementary
Opposite hues

Split complementary
1 hue with hues on each side of its complement

Illusions Through COLOR

Using Color in Fashion
Extreme contrast makes colors look brighter Light colored objects appear larger Dark colored objects recede or appear smaller Fashion is more attractive without equal areas of light and dark Color is affected by light and texture

Colour Wheel

6 Colour Schemes: Monochromatic

Shades & tints of one hue

Accented Neutral
A neutral hue (white, black, beige, grey, denim) accented with any other hue

Complementary
Two opposite colours on the colour wheel

Triadic
3 colours spaced at equal distance from each other on the colour wheel

Analogous
2 4 colours that are side by side on the colour wheel (creates a blended but distinct look)

Split Complementary
Uses the hues on either side of its complementary colour to create a 3 hued colour scheme.

YO+B+V

B+RO+YO

G+RV+Y RO+G+B

LINE
A distinct, elongated mark as if drawn by a pencil. Eyes follow lines up, down, side to side or around.

The Element of LINE

Line is a series of points connected together to form a narrow path. Line divides areas into shapes and spaces and has various effects on figure Line can create optical illusions by the following ways:
movement within garment design placement on the body size of the line direction of line

Straight Lines: Vertical

Vertical lines usually lead the eye up and down the body, therefore adding height and making the figure look slimmer. Vertical lines can be seen in a center front seam, neckties, vertical buttons, classic pump shoes, tall hats, pleated skirts and of course stripes. Vertical lines that are repeated in quantity can add width, depending on the spacing and background colour.

Straight Line: Diagonal

Diagonal lines assume the characteristics of the vertical or horizontal lines as the degree of slant approaches each extreme. Diagonal lines are the best lines to incorporate when trying to camouflage poorly proportioned parts of the body. Zigzag lines cause the eye to abruptly shift directions and therefore they tend to increase mass or size of the area covered.

Curved Lines
Curved lines generally follow the contour of the body and are flattering. A full circle becomes active and may be easily overdone in a design whereas a smaller curve is graceful, flowing and gentle.
Curved lines can be found in: yokes, collars, sleeves, cuffs, pockets, hairstyles, hats, necklines and tight-fitting clothing and knitwear.

Shape
The term shape refers to the outer silhouette of clothing. Imagine what the clothes would look like if you were looking at their shadow or tracing just the outer line of the garment. That's shape! There are 4 basic garment shapes. They are natural, tubular, bell (or A-line) and full.

Natural Shape
Follow your body's proportion. Clothes of this shape are close to the body and emphasize your natural waistline. This shape is the most classic and typical shape most people wear

Tubular Shape
The tubular shape is rectangular with vertical emphasis. The dominant lines go up and down and the natural waistline is not defined. A flapper dress, straight leg pants, and a tailored business suit are examples of tubular shapes.

A-line Shape
Combines both vertical and horizontal lines in a silhouette and is flattering to most women. A-line skirts and dresses, flared pants and jackets, and capes are examples.

Full Shape
The full shapes have more horizontal and curved lines than do the other shapes. They add weight and size to the figure, but can also hide figure flaws well. Gathered skirts and dresses, full sleeves, and pants with wide legs are examples.

TEXTURE
Taxtile quality of goods or how material feels Can be created from fibers, yarns, and fabric construction Illusions
Shiny, bulky, fuzzy, or heavy textures make figures look larger Dull or flat textures tend to slenderize

Texture
Texture is determined by the type of fibre, yarn, weaves and finishes of the fabric. Texture determines how fabric feels, looks and moves on the wearer. Texture sets the mood of the garment making clothes feel more or less formal; more or less feminine or masculine. Matching the texture of a fabric to the style of the garment(s) you are creating is a key skill to develop to enable you to create the look you desire.

Soft & Clingy

Hug the body Emphasize any figure irregularities When draped into soft silhouettes, can be very flattering (i.e. not tight) Examples: jersey knits, chiffon

Nubby & Bulky

Adds dimension and makes you appear larger Looks best on slim to average figures of medium to tall height. Examples: wide wale corduroy, heavy tweeds, mohair, hand-knit sweaters

Shiny
Reflect light and give impression of added size Examples: satin, polished cotton, nylon, vinyl, sequins, etc.

Moderately Crisp
Stands away from the body just enough to help conceal body irregularities Flattering to all figure types; men and women. Examples: corduroy, denim

Extra Crisp
Creates a stiff outer shell appearance Makes body seem larger Gives a masculine and angular shape to wearer Examples: taffeta, vinyl, leathers

Smooth with a Dull Finish

May make figure look smaller as it absorbs light. Does not seem to create significant illusions about size or shape May lack interest or uniqueness Examples: flannel, broadcloth, wool jersey

VALUE
colour. We achive value changes in colour by adding black or white to the colour. Value is the most three dimension of colour. Value is measured in two ways. The value scale The value key

Lightness or darkness of a

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The principles of design are how we use the tools(elements) to create looks that are different or unique . Or The principles of design are the ways in which design elements may be used.

The principles are:

Repetition Gradation Rhythm Radiation Harmony Contrast Dominance Proportion Balance Unity

The element of design: Line Shape Value Colour Texture

Are organized acording to

The principle of design: Repetition Gradation Rhythm Radiation Harmony Contrast Dominance Proportion Balance Unity

To create

Good Design

Repetition
Repetition occurs when a line , shape , space, value, colour or texture is used more than once. Structural use: pleats, gathers, darts, pockets, skirt , yokes and panel lines. Decorative use: woven and knitted fabric and often evident in fabric colures.

Proportion
Proportion: the way one part of design relates in size to another part and to the whole design. Or The spatial, or size, relationship of the parts of design to each other and to the whole. Most pleasing when divided unevenly. Garments should bring out the natural proportions of the body to be pleasing.

Rhythm
Rhythm leads the eye from one part of a design to another part ,creating movement through repetition of pattern or colour. . Rhythm carries the eye through a regular pattern of design elements.

Harmony
Pleasing visual unity of all aspects of a design All parts of the design look as if they belong Does not have excess variation that could displease or detract

Balance
balance involves giving equal weight to the spaces on both sides of an imaginary center line. Formal balance Symmetrical Dignified Can look boring Informal balance Creates balance asymmetrically Elements placed unequally in a way that achieves balance

Gradation
Gradation occurs when a series of two or more parts identical but for one detail change with each repetition in consecutive incresase or decreasing steps.

Contrast
contrast is the juxtaposition of opening elements e.g. opposite colour on the colour wheel-red /bluegreen/orange e.t.c contrast in tone or value-light/dark ,contrast in direction-horizontal/ verticle. Example- horizontal and vertical edges , seams, yokes in all garments have inbuilt contrast.

Dominance
Every design should have a focal point. A center of interest with a design message supported by the other features in the design. Structural use: silhoutte, fabric colures and textures e.t.c Decorative use: trims, button down the front of a dress e.t.c

Gradation
Gradation occurs when a series of two or more parts identical but for one detail change with each repetition in consecutive incresase or decreasing steps.

Radiation
Outward movement in all direction from a central point, such as the spokes in a wheel is known as radiation. Radiation is limited in use to line shape and space. It is evident in drapes, folds, darts, gathers, sunray, pleats, flares, Peplums and caps.

Unity
It is considered last process because it is the culmination of the design process, the final step which can only be completed when all the other principles and elements have been dealt with. Function structure and decoration follow the same purpose in a united design. Garment and accessories and the wearer work separately and together to complete a successful outfit.

Conclusion
The elements of design are the tools a

designer works with. The elements are arranged according to the principles of design to create a garment which is suitable for its intended use.
Although each element and principle has

been dealt with separately, they all work together to create the final effect. The success of garment relies on the combination of all of parts of design and all they are of equal importance.

Reference
fashion) Eberle, hornberger. The fashion design manualpamela stecker Inside Fashion Design Sharon Lee Tate Visual design in Dress Marian l.
Clothing technology(fiber to

THANK YOU!!!