Referencing for FEE MSc students

Click to edit Master subtitle w.whitton@soton.ac.uk & style i.a.stark@soton.ac.uk

Michael Whitton & Isobel Stark

University Library

Why Reference?

Youll lose marks if you dont! Allows others to trace your sources Adds weight to your argument Demonstrates that you have read widely Credits the author Avoid plagiarism
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Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the reproduction or paraphrasing, without acknowledgement, from public or private (i.e: unpublished) material (including material downloaded from the Internet) attributable to, or which is the intellectual property of, another including the work of students.

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When should you reference?

Quote from a book? Paraphrase from a book? Summarise an article? Cut and paste free Internet material?

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How to Reference

Its NOT difficult!

Citation in the text see examples Quoting Paraphrasing Summarising IMPORTANT: record details as you go

List of references see guide

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1. Quoting (Harvard)

Due to increasing energy demand and growing environmental problems in China due to the use of fossil fuels, CSP technologies offer interesting opportunities for China (Hang 2008, p. 2513).

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1. Quoting (IEEE)

Due to increasing energy demand and growing environmental problems in China due to the use of fossil fuels, CSP technologies offer interesting opportunities for China [1, p. 2513].

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2. Paraphrasing (Harvard)

It is suggested that concentrating solar power applications may have interesting opportunities in China due to issues of energy demand and the environment (Hang 2008, p. 2513).

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2. Paraphrasing (IEEE)

It is suggested that concentrating solar power applications may have interesting opportunities in China due to issues of energy demand and the environment [1, p. 2513].

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Different ways of citing (Harvard)

It is suggested the environment (Hang 2008, p. 2513). Hang (Hang 2008, p. 2513) suggested the environment. Wrong! Hang (2008, p. 2513) suggested the environment.

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3. Reference List/Bibliography

Harvard

Hanga, Q. (2008). Prospect of concentrating solar power in Chinathe sustainable future, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12 (9), pp. 2505-2514. [1] Q. Hanga, Prospect of concentrating solar power in Chinathe sustainable future, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 12, pp. 2505-2514, December 2008.
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IEEE

Referencing a book (Harvard)

Authors Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher. Mercer, P.A. and Smith, G., (1993). Private viewdata in the UK. 2nd ed. London: Longman.

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Referencing a book (IEEE)

Author(s) First name or initials. Surname, or name of organisation, Title of book followed by fullstop if no edition statement, or comma if there is an edition statement (except the first). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. P.A. Mercer and G. Smith. Private viewdata in the UK, 2nd ed. London: Longman, 2003.

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Referencing a book section (Harvard)

Contributing authors Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of contribution. Followed by In: Surname, INITIALS., of author or editor of publication followed by ed. or eds. if relevant. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Page number(s) of contribution. Knopf, G. K. and Bassi, A.S., (2003). Biologicalbased optical sensors and transducers. In: Cho, H., ed. Opto-mechatronic Systems Handbook: Techniques and Applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 195-210.

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Referencing a book section (IEEE)

Author(s) First name or initials. Surname, "Title of the chapter," in Title of the book, ed., Edition (except the first) vol., volume if available, Ed. editor if available, Place of publication: Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. Chapter/s or First and Last pages of the article. G. K. Knopf and A. S. Bassi, "Biological-based optical sensors and transducers," in Optomechatronic Systems Handbook: Techniques and Applications, Hyungsuck Cho, Ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2003, pp. 195-210.
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Referencing a journal article (Harvard)

Authors Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of article. Title of journal, Volume number and (part number), Page numbers of article. Shadbolt, N., Gibbins, N., Glaser, H., Harris, S. and Schraefel, M.C. (2004). CS AKTive Space, or how we learned to stop worrying and love the semantic Web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 19 (3), pp. 41 - 47
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Referencing a journal article (IEEE)

Author(s) First name or initials. Surname, "Title of article," Title of journal, vol. volume, no. issue number, pp. first and last pages of the article, Date of issue month if available year. N. Shadbolt, N. Gibbins, H. Glaser, S. Harris, M.C. Schraefel, CS AKTive Space, or how we learned to stop worrying and love the semantic Web, IEEE Intell. Syst., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 41 47, May-Jun 2004
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Referencing a conference paper (Harvard)

Contributing authors Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of contribution. Followed by In: Surname, INITIALS., of editor of proceedings (if applicable) followed by ed or eds if relevant. Title of conference including date and place of conference. Place of publication: Publisher, Page numbers of contribution.
Cookson, A.H. and Pedersen, B.O., (1979). Thermal measurements in a 1200kV compressed gas insulated transmission line. Seventh IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 1-6 April 1979, Atlanta, Georgia. Piscataway, N.J.: IEEE, pp. 163-167.
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Referencing a conference paper (IEEE)

Author(s) First name or initials. Surname, "Title of paper," in Title of the Conference, Editor/s firstname last name if available, Ed. Place of publication: Publisher if available, Date of publication, pp. first and last pages of the paper. A. H. Cookson and B. O. Pedersen, "Thermal measurements in a 1200kV compressed gas insulated transmission line," in Seventh IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Piscataway, N.J.: IEEE, 1979, pp. 163-167.
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Referencing a website (Harvard)

Author's /Editor's Surname, INITIALS., Year. Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. National Centre for Social Research, (2006). Qualitative research. London: National Centre for Social Research. Available from: http://www.natcen.ac.uk/natcen/pages/ hw_qualitative.htm [Accessed 14 August 2006]. 2020

Referencing a website (IEEE)

Author. (year, month). Title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file

National Centre for Social Research, (2006). Qualitative research [Online]. Available: http://www.natcen.ac.uk/natcen/p ages/hw_qualitative.htm

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Referencing is not an exact science

Variations exist (especially for Harvard)

Choose a format and stick to it

Adapt the conventions to suit nonstandard documents (remembering to include all the necessary information) Be consistent
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More info

Library web pages

Information Skills > Referencing

PEARS, R. and SHIELDS, G. (2010) Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism. 8th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Covers Harvard but not IEEE

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Exercise
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/3199296759/

Understanding referencesanswers

M J Griffin, Handbook of Human Vibration, Academic Press, 1990.

book

Vibrations of Bars in Kinsler, Frey, Coppens & Sanders (2000), Fundamentals of Acoustics, 4th ed, New York: Wiley

book chapter

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Understanding referencesanswers

Haughton, P M., Acoustics for . audiologists, 2002

book

KI Lee, VF Humphrey, TG Leighton (2007) Predictions of the modified Biot-Attenborough model for the dependence of phase velocity on porosity in cancellous bone, Ultrasonics, 46, 323-330

journal article
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Understanding referencesanswers

Brown, W.G.Scott- (1996). ScottBrown's Otolaryngology Vol.2 Adult Audiology. . 6r.e. ButterworthHeinemann.

book

Lieberman, P (2007) The evolution of human speech - Its anatomical and neural bases, Current Anthropology, 48 (10), pp39-66

journal article
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Understanding referencesanswers

Wickens, C.D. (1989) Attention and skilled performance. In Human Skills, edited by Denis H. Holding, pp71-105. New York: John Wiley & Sons

book chapter

Practical Anatomy and Physiology of the Ocular Motor System in Jacobson, Newman and Kartush (eds) Handbook of balance function testing, 1997

book chapter

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Bibliographic software

Build a personal reference library Search databases and export references Organise your PDFs Insert citations and build bibliography
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Using Endnote

Help & training material:

www.soton.ac.uk/library/infoskills/ bibliographic/endnote/

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Create or open a library

Go to: Start All Programs Bibliographic Software EndNote X5

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It is best to save all libraries in a folder called 'EndNote' or 'EndNote X5'

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Give the new library a name, and click 'Save'

An EndNote library always has two parts - the library 'shape' and the data collected

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It is usually best to keep all references in one main library

Smaller libraries for particular topics can be created using the 'Groups' option
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Add a new reference

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Add a new reference

Click on the 'New Reference' icon or go to 'New Reference' on the dropdown menu

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Scroll down to see more fields

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Click the record's 'close' icon to save the completed or edited record automatically

Choose the reference type from the dropdown menu

The reference type can be changed at any time

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More about record fields

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When all chosen fields have been completed, click the record close icon Enter one author per line, surname first, followed by a comma Author, Journal and Keyword fields are indexed

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The record is added to the library The Preview pane shows the full bibliographic reference in the chosen reference style

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Change the reference style

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The default style is 'Annotated' Go to the dropdown menu and choose 'Select Another Style'

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EndNote has over 5000 reference styles Scroll down to select the required reference style and click 'Choose'

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The library is now formatted in the selected Reference Style

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Export database information to EndNote

Export references from databases to a new or existing library or group Connection files and import filters are used Many databases export directly to EndNote some e.g. CSA Illumina, use a slightly different process A number of databases export URL links as part of the record The export process is common to all databases on a given platform There is a separate process for searching any library catalogue
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Export from Web of Knowledge

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This is the Web of Knowledge home page

Enter a search term - in this case 'diabetes' and click 'Search'

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On the Results pages, click required items, then click 'EndNote'

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Alternatively create a list of all required records from the search, then export the marked list

Check the boxes for useful records, then click the icon to add to Marked List 5050

Click at any time to view Marked List

Marked records are identified

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It is helpful to include the abstract in exported records

Select fields to be included in output, then click 'EndNote'

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A temporary group 'Imported References' is created. The references have already been added to the main library

Click on any imported reference to view details of the record Selected references are imported to the open EndNote Library

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Scroll down the page

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Click the URL link to view the source record

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The Web of Knowledge database record is displayed

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Find full text of articles

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To search the whole library for free full text, select a single item, then go to 'Edit Select All'

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Select 'Find Full Text Find Full Text '

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EndNote searches Web of Knowledge for full text and attaches items found to the individual records

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The .pdf file appears in the 'File Attachments' field

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Use EndNote with Word

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Insert citations in a document

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Use EndNote with Word

The EndNote toolbar is displayed in Word

Use these icons to move between the EndNote library and the Word document

Insert citations, or manage bibliography from either toolbar

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Click the EndNote icon to go to the EndNote Library

Identify the point in the text to insert a citation

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Insert the reference from this toolbar, then return to Word Click to highlight the required reference

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 or return to Word and click to insert the citation

The citation is displayed in the text, with the full reference at the end

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A document citation folder is created

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Citations and references are displayed according to choices made within the edited reference style
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Edit citations

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Click in the citation to highlight and then go to 'Edit and Manage Citations'
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Highlight the specific citation Change selection to remove author or year from the citation or show only in the bibliography Click OK to complete the action
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To remove a reference from the document, go to 'Edit Reference' and 'Remove Citation'

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The citation and end of text reference are removed from the document
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To add page numbers to a citation, type the exact letter string required in the SUFFIX box, then click 'OK'

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The suffix text is attached to the citation

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And the bibliography can be given a title - click for the 'Format Bibliography' option

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Go to the Layout tab, insert required heading and format the text if necessary

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