MOVEMENT

TROPISM NASTIC

HAFIZHAH DINI NST

PLANT MOVEMENT
The ability to detect where the conditions are better, so they can grow into more favorable conditions.

Their responses are of two basic types: - tropism movement - nastic movement

A. Tropism Movement
Responses involving movement by part of a . plant in which the direction of movement is determined by the direction of stimulus.

Tropisms are either: - Positive : Movement is towards the source of stimulus, or - Negative : Movement is away from the source of the stimulus.

Types of tropisms

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Geotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Chemotropism Hydrotropism

Geotropi Geotropism (gravitropism)

Geotrophism Movement or growth in response to gravity
The root presents positive geotropism The stem presents negative geotropism

matery

Geotropism and Auxin

Phototropism
Movement or growth in response to lights. The stem has positive phototropism. The root has negative phototropism. Example : when we place a vegetable in a room next to a window, little by little, it will go bending towards the light

Phototropism

matery

These movements take place because the plants possess some specialized receivers , called phototropins that activate the vegetable hormone auxine.

The ways in which a plant responds to these stimuli is coordinated by hormones.

matery

Phototropism and Auxin

Thigmotropism
Tigmotropisme directional response of a plant organ to touch or physical contact with a solid object Plant part that response to touch tendril Example climbing tendrils of some plants, such as the sweet pea
Example of thigmotropism

matery

How tendrils move

Touched cells produce auxin and transport it to untouched cells. Some untouched cells will then elongate faster so cell growth bends around the object. Some seedlings also inhibit triple response, caused by pulses of ethylene which cause the stem to thicken (grow slower and stronger) and curve to start growing horizontally.

Chemotropism
Chemotropism is moving of a part of plant because of chemical impuls. The example is the moving of plant because of fertilizer, moving of plant roots near river going to the river water. .

Chemotropism

Hydrotropism
Hydrotropisme is the movement of plant to get closer with water. This mostly occur in root and stem. The example is the movement of Ipomoea aquatica approach the river.

Hydrotropism

Nasty Movements
The movements occuring in response to diffused stimulus. Stimulus may be light, temperature, touch or water. May be permanent growth motion or reversible variation motion.

 Influenced by osmotic potential changing Example : includes the mimosa leaves when it distrurbed.

(1) Epinasty
Movement in which the resultant bending of the plant part is downwards, due to increased growth on the upper side of an organ. occur in leaves where the petiole bends so that the leaf points to the ground rather than upwards. Comparing hyponasty : upward bending of leaves or other plant parts, resulting from growth of the lower side.

(2) Thermonastic
Response to the temperature Opening of flower in high temperature and closing at low temperature. These movements are composed of leaf curling and leaf angle changes that are distinct leaf movements with different responses to climatic factors. Crocus Plant : tulip Ericaceae : Rhododendron sp.

Crocus Plant

Rhododendron L.

Photonasty
Many leguminous plants, with their pulvinous bases, show characteristic sleeping movements and they show a rhythmic pattern of opening of leaf-lets in the day and closing in the evening with a precision of a clock. In fact, such movements are attributed to circadian rhythm operated by an inbuilt biological clock.

In the SLEEPLESS mutation of Lotus japonicus, the pulvini are changed into petiole-like structures, rendering the plant incapable of closing its leaflets at night.

Seismonasty
seismonasty is the nastic response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration.

Mimosa pudica is a good example for this case.

Mimosa pudica is a plant with compound leaves that has attracted detailed investigation. It appears that contact or injury causes leaflet deformation that in turn triggers an action potential. The action potential travels through the plant until it reaches a pulvinus at the base of the leaflet or petiole.

Motion trap
in the case of some insectivorous plants equipped with a trap.
Example: Ultricularia sp, Venus flytrap

Motion trap

ultricularia

Capturing prey process in ultricularia

it has been argued the most complex plant leaf on this planet is the Utricularia suction trap. The traps ready themselves by pumping water out of the sealed trap creating what would be considered a vacuum if air were involved. When triggered, they work so quickly that the highest speed video cameras show the prey outside the trap in one frame and already sucked inside on the next frame. Once inside the prey is digested and the trap rearms itself.

Capturing prey process in venus flytrap

When an insect lands or crawls on the trap, it is likely to run into one of six, short, stiff hairs on the trap's surface. These are called trigger hairs, and they serve as a primitive motion detector for the plant. If two of these hairs are brushed in close succession, or one hair is touched twice, the leaves close down upon the offending insect within half a second.

PREFERENCES
http://www.botanicalonline.com/lasplantasmovimientosvegetalesangl es.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropism http://leavingbio.net/Plant%20Responses.htm Dr Brett Ferguson, Apical Control of Shoot Branching http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thigmotropism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/apical_dominance