HSDPA Basic Principle

By Parames F. Technology Explorer Department

Technology Explorer Department

Agenda
o HSDPA compare to WCDMA R99

o Key Technologies
o Resource Management o Mobility Management

Technology Explorer Department

HSDPA
o HSDPA is a key new feature in 3GPP Rel.5

o It has been designed to increase Downlink packet data throughput by fast physical layer retransmission and transmission combining as well as fast link adaptation controlled by NodeB.
o Best-effort packet data which peak rate at 14.4 Mbps

Technology Explorer Department

HSDPA Vs WCDMA Rel.99

HSDPA
o Shared Channel o 14.4 Mbps peak throughput o 16QAM/QPSK

Rel.99
o Dedicated Channel o 384 kbps peak user throughput o QPSK

o Code Combination
o Layer 1 with F-HARQ (at NodeB)

o Single Code per DCH

o RLC Layer with ARQ (at RNC)

o 2 ms TTI
o Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
Technology Explorer Department

o 10 - 80 ms TTI
o Variable SF and Fast Power Control (1500 Hz)
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Coexisting and complementary wireless access technologies for different use cases
Degree of mobility
W-CDMA Driving CDMA GSM GPRS Walking

W-CDMA / HSDPA / HSUPA

Full mobility Fully embedded in 3G mobile network Data turbo HSDPA / HSUPA for a mobile DSL feeling

Systems beyond 3G >2010 HSDPA IEEE 802.16e WiMAX IEEE 802.16a,d 10 100

EDGE

EV-DO EV-DV

FLASH-OFDM 450 MHz First all-IP solution for 450 MHz available now High speed wide area data services Fixed mobile substitution

Stationary

DECT BlueTooth 0.1

FlashOFDM (802.20)
WLAN (IEEE 802.11x) 1

WiMAX

First standardized WiMAX solution Limited mobility Fixed mobile substitution Mbps

User data rate

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Technology Explorer Department

Agenda
o HSDPA compare to WCDMA R99

o Key Technologies
o Resource Management o Mobility Management

Technology Explorer Department

Key Technology for HSDPA

o Share Channel Transmission: Trunking gain from using a shared channel for multiple users (dynamic resource assignment) o Fast Scheduling: Fast scheduling in time (2 ms) and code (15 parallel codes) reduces the latency and improves peak rate o AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding): Adaptive Modulation and Coding lead to higher data rates and optimize spectral efficiency ~ Higher user/cell throughput o HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request): Hybrid ARQ leads to higher efficiency in transmission & error correction
Technology Explorer Department 7

Shared Channel Transmission

o New Transport channel type, using multicode transmission

o Radio Resources (Code and Power) dynamically shared among multiple users in time & code domain

User A

A HDC

B HDC C HDC

User A

ulin hed Sc

, gA

B,

User B User C Rel.99 NodeB User B User C HSDPA NodeB

Technology Explorer Department

Shared Channel Transmission

o Efficient code utilization
SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 SF=8 SF=16

Channelization codes allocated for HS-DSCH transmission 8 codes (example)

TTI

Shared channelization codes

User # 1 User # 2 User # 3 User # 4

Technology Explorer Department

Fast Scheduling
Dedicated scheduling mechanism is located in the NodeB (MAC-hs Scheduler) and used to determine:
o Which UEs shall be served in a transmission time interval (TTI) o Basic idea: transmit at fading peaks o May lead to large variations in data rate between users o Tradeoff: fairness vs cell throughput
Scheduled User High data rate

User 1

Low data rate User 2 User 1 User 2 User 1 User 2 User 1 User 2 Time

Technology Explorer Department

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Fast Scheduling
Example of scheduling algorithm
o Round Robin (RR)

o Cyclically assign the channel to users without taling channel conditions into account
o Simple but poor performance o Max C/I o Assign the channel to the user with the best channel quality o High system throughput but not fair o Proportional Fairness (PF) o Assign the channel to the user with the best relative channel quality o High throughput, fair
Technology Explorer Department 11

Fast Scheduling
Good Bad

Maximum C/I
Throughput

Proportional Fairness Round Robin

Bad
Technology Explorer Department

Good
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Fairness

AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding

In HSDPA, the modulation and coding rate can be quickly and flexibly determined by NodeB for each 2 ms TTI, base on the radio condition report from UE
Low Quality Radio Environment QPSK (2bit/symbol) R=1/6 (High error correction) 480 kbps (1 Code) High Quality Radio Environment 16QAM (4bit/symbol) R=8/9 (Low error correction) 14.4 Mbps (15 Codes)

Modulation Coding Rate Throughput

HSDPA NodeB

Technology Explorer Department

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AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding

In HSDPA, power control and variable SF are disable and replaced by AMC

HSDPA AMC
o Good Radio Condition o Poor Radio Condition High data rate Low data rate

Rel. 99 Power Control

o Good Radio Condition o Poor Radio Condition Low transmit power High transmit power

Technology Explorer Department

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Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)

o HARQ is located in the NodeB and provides lower delay than existing ARQ mechanism (RLC Acknowledge Mode located in the RNC).
Conventional ARQ (discard erroneous transmission)
Transmitter
P1,1
NA CK

P1,2
AC K

P2,1
NA CK

P2,2
NA CK

P2,3
AC K

Receiver

P1,1

P1,2

P2,1

P2,2

P2,3

Hybrid ARQ (store erroneous and soft combine)

Transmitter
P1,1 P1,2
ACK

P2,1

P2,2
ACK

P3,1

NACK

NACK

P1,2 P1,1

P2,2 P2,1 P3,1

Receiver

P1,1

P2,1

Technology Explorer Department

ACK

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Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)

There are two aspect for HARQ o Chase combining

o The HARQ retransmits the same data packet

o The UE decodes the prior received erroneous data packet with the retransmitted packet o Incremental Redundancy o The HARQ retransmits additional different redundant information o The UE decodes the prior received erroneous data packet with additional redundant information o Higher performance but need more memory, suitable for low data rate
Technology Explorer Department 16

Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)

Chase Combining Incremental Redundancy
Encoder

Encoder

Retransmission (same data packet)

Retransmission (Different redundant information)

NodeB
NACK ACK

NodeB
NACK ACK

UE
Combining

UE

Decoder
NG

Decoder
OK

Decoder
NG

Decoder
OK
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Technology Explorer Department

Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)

o Multiple HARQ processes allows continuous transmission to a single user o Example: 6 HARQ processes, 5 ms UE processing 2.8 ms NodeB processing
Processing time (fixed, 2.8 ms)

Transmitter

P1,1

P2,1

P3,1

P4,1

P5,1

P6,1

P1,2

P7,1

P3,2

P8,1

P1,2 P5,1 P6,1 P1,1 P7,1

P3,2 P3,1 P8,1

Receiver

P1,1

P2,1

P3,1

P4,1

Proc #1 Proc #2 Proc #3 Proc #4 Proc #5 Proc #6

Processing time (fixed, 5 ms)

NAC K

Chase combining by L1 in UE

Technology Explorer Department

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Agenda
o HSDPA compare to WCDMA R99

o Key Technologies
o Resource Management o Mobility Management

Technology Explorer Department

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New HSDPA Physical Channels

o HS-PDSCH: High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
o Downlink Channel for HSDPA data transmission o QPSK or 16 QAM o HS-SCCH: High Speed Shared Control Channel o Downlink Channel for the signaling related to HS-PDSCH:
(UE Id, Channelization code info, Modulation scheme, HARQ info, etc.)

o HS-DPCCH: High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

o Uplink Channel for feed back signaling related to HS-PDSCH:
(ACK/NACK, CQI-Channel Quality Indicator)

o A-DPCH: Associated Dedicated Physical Channel o Rel. 99 DPCH UL: Rel. 99 signaling, TCP ACK/NACK, Data transmission DL: Rel. 99 signaling, Voice/VDO-multi RAB
Technology Explorer Department 20

New HSDPA Physical Channels

HSDPA NodeB

HS-PDSCH (DL data transmission: SF=16)

HS-SCCH (for DL Signaling: SF=128)

HS-DPCCH (for ACK/NACK and CQI: SF=256)

A-PDCH

HSDPA UE
Technology Explorer Department 21

Dynamic Resource Allocation

o RNC dynamically allocates channelization codes for HSDPA according to the instantaneous traffic mix between WCDMA and HSDPA

o NodeB dynamically allocates power for HSDPA according to the instantaneous traffic mix between WCDMA and HSDPA
Carrier Transmission power Max NodeB power HSDPA power

Non HSDPA power Time

Technology Explorer Department

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Code Multiplexing
o Allow sending data to many users in parallel within the same TTI o One HS-SCCH for one user in each TTI o Maximum number of user in each TTI is 4 (UE capability)
HS-SCCHs

Control data
HS-DSCH 2 ms

User data

User # 1 User # 2
Technology Explorer Department

User # 3 User # 4
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HS-SCCH
o Part 1 (1 slot) contain a time critical parameter
o This information is needed to start the demodulation process. o Scrambled with UE ID.

o Part 2 (2 slots) contain less time-critical parameter

Part 1 (Channelization code set, modulation scheme) R=1/3 convolutional coded, scrambled with UE ID Part 2 (transport block size, HARQ parameters, UE-specific CRC) R=1/3 convolutional coded

HS-SCCH (SF= 128) 3 slots (1 TTI)

Technology Explorer Department

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HS-DPCCH
o Uplink signaling for ACK/NACK and CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) o Time relative to downlink HS-PDSCH
HS-DSCH Available processing time 5 ms (7.5 slots) HS-DPCCH (SF= 256)
ACK/ NACK 1 slot

CQI
2 slots

Technology Explorer Department

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CQI (Channel Quality Indicator)

o Channel quality is estimated by CQI which is provide by UE on HS-DPCCH o UE decides CQI value in order to keep BLER of received signal under desired target value o UE transmit the CQI value on HS-DPCCH o NodeB selects modulation scheme (QPSK/16QAM), number of HS-DPSCH (115) base on CQI mapping table, UE capability and power left in that cell

Technology Explorer Department

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CQI (Channel Quality Indicator)

Example of CQI table
Table 7A: CQI mapping table for UE categories 1 to 6.
CQI value 0 1 2 Transport Block Size N/A 137 173 1 1 QPSK QPSK Number of HSPDSCH Modulati on Reference power adjustment Out of range 0 0 960 0 0 NIR XRV

3
4 5 6 7 8 9

233
317 377 461 650 792 931

1
1 1 1 2 2 2

QPSK
QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK

0
0 0 0 0 0 0

29 30

7168 7168

5 5

16-QAM 16-QAM

-7 -8

Technology Explorer Department

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HSDPA and Rel.99 physical channel mapping

OVSF Code allocation in o 15 codes are allocated for HS-DPSCH
SF=16 SF=32 SF=64 SF=128 SF=256 PCPICH PCCPCH AICH PICH SCCPCH 0 HS-SCCH A-DCH

A-DCH
1 A-DCH HS-PDSCH A-DCH A-DCH A-DCH

15

HS-PDSCH 28

Technology Explorer Department

Utilization of code tree

Technology Explorer Department

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Agenda
o HSDPA compare to WCDMA R99

o Key Technologies
o Resource Management o Mobility Management

Technology Explorer Department

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HSDPA Mobility
Required Process for HSDPA mobility o Channel Type Switching (HS-DSCH DCH)

o Base on traffic volume and network HSDPA capability

o SHO for A-DCH o During SHO, the best active set with HSDPA available will be the HSDPA serving cell
A-DCH HS-DSCH

NodeB1 Active set Technology Explorer Department

NodeB2

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HSDPA Mobility
Serving HS-DSCH cell change o HS-DSCH is established on the best cell o With UE moving, the Report Event 1a, 1b, 1c or 1d would be report to SRNC o If the best cell change and the new best cell still HSDPA cell, HS-DSCH cell Change will be performed toward new best cell
HS-DSCH state HS-DSCH state

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2 A-DCH

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2

Technology Explorer Department

HS-DSCH

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HSDPA Mobility
Inward Mobility (DCH -> HS-DSCH) o DCH is established on the best cell o With UE enter into HSDPA cell, the Report Event 1a, 1b or 1c would be report to SRNC o If the HSDPA become the best cell, Channel Type Switching (DCH -> HS-DSCH) is performed and then HS-DSCH is establish on the best cell
DCH state HS-DSCH state

CTS

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2 A-DCH

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2

Technology Explorer Department

HS-DSCH

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HSDPA Mobility
Outward Mobility (HS-DSCH -> DCH) o HS-DSCH is established on the best cell o With UE move out of HSDPA cell to non HSDPA cell, the Report Event 1a, 1b ,1c or 1d would be report to SRNC o If the non HSDPA become the best cell, Channel Type Switching (HS-DSCH -> DCH) is performed and then DCH is establish on the best cell, non HSDPA cell
HS-DSCH state DCH state

CTS

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2 A-DCH

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2

Technology Explorer Department

HS-DSCH

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HSDPA Mobility
Inter Frequency/Inter System Mobility o CTS from HS-DSCH to DCH will be performed in order to be ready for IFHO/ISHO by R99 mechanism o Some vendors plan to implement Compressed Mode for HSDPA feature. It could be new better IF/IS mobility mechanism???
HS-DSCH state DCH state DCH state

CTS

HHO

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2

NodeB1 Active set

NodeB2

NodeB1

NodeB2 Active set

F1 F2 A-DCH HS-DSCH Technology Explorer Department

HS-DSCH state

NodeB1

NodeB2

Active set

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Thank You

Technology Explorer Department

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