Introduction

What is Dye?
Described as a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

Use of dye
Industries for manufacturing of product Domestic activity

Effect of dye
Aesthetically not acceptable Reduction in light penetration in water and reduces DO level Contribute BOD and COD in water Carcinogenic in nature

Objective
To prepare Surfactant Modified Silica Gel(SMSG) To investigate the removal of methylene blue dye by SMSG in batch and continuous mode.

Adsolubilization

Schematic Diagram of Solubilization and Adsolubilization

Batch Study
Time Study Adsorbent Dose Study

Contact Time Study

Removal of methylene blue (%)

MB concentration: 100mg/l Adsorbent Dose(SMSG):8g/l pH of the solution: 70.1 Temperature: 30 2oC

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Contact time (min) for distilled water for tap water

Removal of MB with respect to time The shaking time was varied from 0 to 75 A contact time of 45 minutes is sufficient to attain the minutes. equilibrium. In case of tap water spiked sample removal efficiency is higher than distilled water spiked sample.

Adsorbent Dose Study

Removal of methylene blue (%)

MB concentration: 100mg/l pH of the solution: 70.1 Temperature: 30 2 C

o

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Dose of SMSG (g/l) for tap water for distilled water

The shaking time was 45 minutes. The adsorbent dose was varied from 0 to 12 g/l .

Effects of SMSG dose on MB removal

Effect of different interfering substances

Effect of different ions(Chloride,Sulphate and Manganese) Effect of Temperature Effect of Agitation speed

Effect of choloride ion

43 % Removal of methylene bule

The presence of chloride ions increases removal efficiency.

42.5 42 41.5 41 40.5 40 39.5 39 0 100 Concentration of chloride (mg/l) 200

Effects of chloride on MB uptake by SMSG

Effect of Sulphate ion

42

The presence of sulphate ions increases removal efficiency.

% Removal of methylene bule

41.5 41 40.5 40 39.5 0 100 Concentration of sulfate (mg/l) 200

Effects of Sulphate on MB uptake by SMSG

Effect of Manganese ion

42

The presence of Manganese ions increases removal efficiency.

% Removal of methylene bule

41.5 41 40.5 40 39.5 0 100 Concentration of sulfate (mg/l) 200

Effects of Manganese ion on MB uptake by SMSG

Effect of Temperature
Removal of MB by SMSG was studied at three different temperatures: 25oC, 30oC and 35oC. the temperature in the range of 15-35oC had no effect on the MB removal.

Effect of Agitation speed

% Removal of methylene bule

Effect of agitation speed was studied in the range of 70 to 140 rpm.

41 40.9 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.3 40.2 40.1 40 70 110 Sha king spe e d (rpm ) 140

The agitation speed in the range of 70 140 rpm had no effect on the removal process.

Effects of agitation speed on MB uptake by SMSG

Batch Regeneration Study

MB could be desorbed from exhausted silica surface using rectified spirit and acetone. The regeneration efficiency was found to be 94% and 70% for rectified spirit and acetone respectively. Regenerated SMSG was again used for MB removal and was found to have the efficiency in the range of 70-85%. rectified spirit is a better choice for regenerating SMSG.